Level of Happiness and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, North Central Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, North Central Ethiopia 2018/2019 (n=1606)

Characteristics	Frequency	Percent
Residence
Urban	955	59.5
Rural	651	40.5
Current maternal age
≤19	112	7.0
20–29	1036	64.5
30–39	406	25.3
≥40	52	3.2
Maternal age during 1st pregnancy
<20	1016	63.3
≥20	590	36.7
Educational status of the mother
Unable to read and write	444	27.6
Able to read and write	546	34.0
Primary	162	10.1
Secondary	226	14.1
College and above	228	14.2
Maternal occupation
Housewife	992	61.8
Farmer	194	12.1
Daily worker	102	6.4
Merchant	318	19.8
Marital status
Married	1574	98
Single	12	0.7
Divorced	20	1.2
Age of the Partner
<20	24	1.5
20–29	602	37.5
30–39	708	44.1
≥40	272	16.9
Husband educational status
Unable to read and write	372	23.2
Able to read and write	430	26.8
Primary	132	8.2
Secondary	390	24.3
College and above	282	17.6
Husband occupation
Farmer	614	38.2
Daily worker	154	9.6
Merchant	438	27.3
Government employ	400	24.9
Total family size
1–3	906	56.4
4–6	546	34.0
≥7	154	9.6
Family Wealth Quintile
Lowest	84	5.2
Second	310	19.3
Middle	602	37.5
Fourth	348	21.7
Highest	262	16.3
The age difference between spouses
Less than 5 year	582	36.2
5–10 years	790	49.2
More than 10 years	234	14.6

Table 2 Habitual and Abusive Characteristics of the Respondents in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, Northcentral, Ethiopia, 2018/2019 (n=1606)

Characteristics	Frequency	Percent
Smoking Status
No	1596	99.4
Yes	10	0.6
Decision for marriage
My family only	422	26.3
By own and family	1184	73.7
Intimate partner violence
No	1136	70.7
Yes	470	29.3

Table 3 Obstetric Factors of the Mothers in the South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, North Central Ethiopia, 2018/2019 (n=1606)

Characteristics	Frequency	Percent
Spousal accompany to ANC
No	494	30.8
Yes	1112	69.2
Pregnancy
Un intended	274	17.1
Intended	1332	82.9
Trimester
1st	424	26.4
2nd	296	18.4
3rd	886	55.2
Gravidity
≤2	716	44.6
3–4	648	40.3
≥5	242	15.1
History of stillbirth
No	1572	97.9
Yes	34	2.1
Complication during pregnancy
No	1552	96.6
Yes	54	3.4

Table 4 Factors Associated with a Low Level of Happiness in South Gondar Zone, Hospitals, North Central Ethiopia, 2018/2019 (n=1606)

Variables	Level of Happiness		COR	AOR(95% CI)
	Low	High
Husband education
Unable to read and write	72	300	1.27(0.75–2.17)	0.67(0.27_1.62)
Able to read and write	82	348	1.30(0.77–2.18)	0.78(0.31–1.68)
Primary	42	90	0.66(0.34–1.25)	0.71(0.30–1.68)
Secondary	116	274	0.72(0.44–1.19)	0.70(0.36–1.34)
College and above	66	216	Reference
Total family size
≤3	252	654	Reference
4–6	92	454	1.36(0.76–2.42)	1.09(0.50–2.38)
≥7	34	120	1.90(1.30–2.77)	1.67(0.04–2.66)
Gravidity
≤2	180	536	Reference
3–4	144	502	1.18(0.72–1.67)	0.7(0.39–1.24)
≥5	54	190	1.17(0.82–1.67)	0.64(0.37–1.13)
Spousal accompany during ANC
No	182	312	2.73(1.94–3.82)	2.1(0.39–3.01)
Yes	196	916	Reference
Pregnancy status
Unintended	116	158	3.00(2.03–4.42)	1.94(1.86–4.52)
Intended	262	1070	Reference
Intimate partner violence
Yes	188	282	3.32(2.36–4.67)	2.42(1.67–3.54)
No	190	946	Reference
Trimester
1st	78	346	Reference	Reference
2nd	62	234	1.38(0.89–2.17)	1.38(0.81–2.37)
3rd	238	648	1.63(1.09–2.45)	1.89(1.19–3.01)
Decision of marriage
Family only	154	268	2.46(1.74–3.49)	2.57(0.72–3.83)
Own and family	224	960	Reference	Reference
Complication during pregnancy
No	358	1194	Reference
Yes	20	34	0.51(0.23–1.13)	0.71(0.28–1.80)

Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BSc, Bachelor of Sciences; CRH, corticotrophin releasing hormone; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction/restriction; LBW, low birth weight; MSc, Masters of Sciences; OHQ, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire; OR, odds ratio; SGA, small-for-gestational age.