Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women Presented to Antenatal Care Clinics at Adigrat General Hospital in Northern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Study Participants

Variables	Frequency	Percent	Mean with SD
Age			26.07±5.2
15–24	106	44.2
25–34	112	46.7
35–49	22	9.1
Marital status
Married	169	70.4
Unmarried	71	29.6
Occupational status
Employed	52	21.7
Unemployed	188	78.3
Monthly income in $			2952.2±1619
<116	154	64.2
≥116	86	35.8
Educational status
Not read and write	12	5
Read and write	18	7.5
Attended formal education	210	87.5
History of tattooing
Had	35	14.6
Not	205	85.4
Number of pregnancy
Primi-gravida	45	18.8
Para-gravida	195	81.3
Number of live birth
≤2	200	83.3
≥3	40	16.7
History of admission
Had	62	25.8
Not	178	74.2
History of dental procedure
Had	32	13.3
Not	208	86.7
History of surgery
Had	15	6.3
Not	225	93.8
History of abortion
Had	16	6.7
Not	224	93.3
History of ear piercing
Had	218	90.8
Not	22	9.2
Husbands’ marriage condition
Have extra wife	52	21.7
Not have extra wife	188	78.3
Husbands’ marriage history
Married before	47	19.6
Not married before	193	80.4

Notes: Unemployed includes petty trader, homemade, house wife; Unmarried includes single, and divorced.

Table 2 Association of Variables Under Bivariate Logistic Regression Analysis, N = 240

Variables	Sero-Status for HBsAg		OR (95% CI)	P value
	Positive 22 (9.2%)	Negative: 218 (90.8)
Age				0.75
15–24	9 (3.7)	97 (40.4)	1.70 (0.42, 6.87)
25–34	10 (4.2)	102 (42.5)	1.61 (0.41, 6.40)
35–49	3 (1.3)	19 (7.9)	1
Marital status				0.09
Married	12 (5.00)	157 (65.4)	2.15 (0.88, 5.22)
Unmarried	10 (4.2)	61 (25.8)	1
Occupational status				0.90
Employed	5 (2.1)	47 (19.6)	0.94 (0.33, 2.67)
Unemployed	17 (7.1)	171 (71.2)	1
Monthly income in EB				0.15
<3500	11 (4.6)	143 (59.6)	1.91 (0.79, 4.60)
≥3500	11 (4.6)	75 (31.2)	1
Educational status				0.04**
Not read and write	0 (0.0)	12 (5.0)	-
Read and write	5 (2.1)	13 (5.4)	0.23 (0.07, 0.72)
Formally educated	17 (7.1)	193 (80.4)	1
Number of pregnancy				0.94
Primi-gravida	4 (1.7)	41 (17.1)	1.04 (0.34, 3.24)
Para-gravida	18 (7.5)	177 (73.7)	1
Number of live birth				0.69
≤2	19 (7.9)	181 (75.4)	0.77 (0.22, 2.75)
≥3	3 (1.3)	37 (15.4)	1
History of admission				0.00**
Had	8 (3.3)	48 (20.0)	0.16 (0.06, 0.41)
Not	14 (5.9)	170 (70.8)	1
History of dental procedure				0.01**
Had	7 (2.9)	25 (10.4)	0.28 (0.10, 0.75)
Not	15 (6.3)	193 (80.4)	1
History of surgery				0.00**
Had	6 (2.5)	9 (3.7)	0.12 (0.04, 0.36)
Not	16 (6.7)	209 (87.1)	1
History of abortion				0.00**
Had	8 (3.3)	8 (3.3)	0.07 (0.02, 0.20)
Not	14 (5.9)	210 (87.5)	1
History of ear piercing				0.44
Had	21 (8.8)	197 (82.1)	0.45 (0.06, 3.50)
Not	1 (0.4)	21 (8.7)	1
History of tattooing				0.00**
Had	11 (4.6)	24 (10.0)	8.08 (3.20, 20.64)
Not	11 (4.6)	194 (80.8)	1

Notes: Unemployed includes petty trader, homemade, house wife; Unmarried includes single, cohabited and divorced. 1 = reference, **Significant.

Abbreviations: HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen; EB, Ethiopian Birr.

Figure 1 Serology test status of the pregnant women, N = 240.

Abbreviation: HBsAG, Hepatitis B surface antigen.

Table 3 Association of Variables Under Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis, N = 240

Variables	β	SE	Wald χ^2	OR (95% CI)	P-value
History of abortion	−2.13	0.70	9.3	0.12 (0.03, 0.47)	0.00**
History of tattooing	−1.56	0.56	7.85	0.21 (0.07, 0.62)	0.00**

Note: **Significant.

Abbreviations: β, beta; SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.