Postpartum Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Who Gave Birth in the Last 12 Months in Addis Zemen, South Gondar, Ethiopia: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Conceptual framework for study done on postpartum modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among reproductive age women in Addis Zemen, South Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019.

Figure 2 Schematic representation of the sampling procedure among postpartum women in Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, 2019.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondent at Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar, Ethiopia in June 2019 (n=402)

Variables	Frequency	Percentage
Age of respondents
20–24	101	25.1
25–29	133	33.1
30–34	101	25.1
35–39	67	16.7
Religion
Orthodox	391	97.3
Muslim/Protestant	11	2.7
Marital status
Married	389	96.8
Divorced/Windowed/Separated	13	3.2
Educational level of mother
Unable to read and write	10	2.5
Read and write	64	15.9
Primary (1–8)	125	31.1
Secondary (9–12)	153	38.1
College and above	50	12.4
Occupational status of mothers
Housewife	157	39.0
Self-employee	41	10.2
Govt. employee	87	21.6
Merchant	98	24.4
Daily labor	19	4.7
Husband’s occupational
Farmer	13	3.3
Self-employee	108	27.7
Govt. employee	103	26.5
Merchant	124	31.9
Daily labor	41	10.6
Husband’s educational level
Unable to read and write	8	2.1
Read and write	38	9.9
Primary (1–8)	82	21.1
Secondary (9–12)	121	31.1
College and above	140	35.9

Table 2 Reproductive and Maternal Health Service Use-Related Characteristics of the Study Participants in Addis Zemen Town South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019 (n=402)

Variables	Frequency	Percent
Parity
1	135	33.6
2–4	201	50.0
≥ 5	66	16.4
Birth interval between the last two consecutive children (n=267)
< 2 years	33	12.4
2–4 years	200	74.9
> 4 years	34	12.7
Discuss about PPFP with partner (n=389)
Yes	301	77.4
No	88	22.6
Previous use of family planning
Yes	365	90.8
No	37	9.2
Number of ANC visit (n=365)
1	120	32.9
2–3	196	53.6
≥4	49	13.5
Family planning counselling during ANC
Yes	171	42.5
No	231	57.5
Place of delivery
Health institution	390	97.0
Home	12	3.0
Postnatal care
Yes	69	17.2
No	333	82.8
Site of obtaining contraceptive (n=187)
Health institution	150	80.2
Private	37	19.8
Birth was attended by
Midwives	388	96.6
Doctors/Health extension workers	14	3.4
Pregnancy condition
Planned	366	91.0
Unplanned	36	9.0
When did you give last birth?
≤6 weeks	71	17.7
7–24weeks	127	31.6
>6–12 months	204	50.7
Menses resumed after recent childbirth
Yes	167	41.5
No	235	58.5
Menses resumed (n=167)
< 6 months	68	40.7
≥6 months	99	59.3

Table 3 Knowledge and Discussion About Family Planning Among Postpartum Women in Addis Zemen Town South Gondar, Ethiopia in June 2019 (n=402)

Variables	Response	Frequency	Percentage
Do you heard about methods of modern family	Yes	402	100
planning that can be used after delivery?	No
Source of information
Health institution	Yes	109	27.2
	No	293	72.8
Family	Yes	13	3.3
	No	389	96.7
Friend	Yes	110	27.4
	No	292	72.6
Mass media (TV/Radio)	Yes	169	42.1
	No	233	57.9
Health extension	Yes	375	93.2
	No	27	6.8
Which contraceptive methods can be used after delivery?
Oral pills	Yes	294	73.1
	No	`108	26.9
Emergency contraceptive	Yes	34	8.4
	No	368	91.6
Condom	Yes	72	17.9
	No	330	82.1
IUCD	Yes	36	8.9
	No	366	91.1
Implant	Yes	183	45.4
	No	219	54.6
Injectable	Yes	217	54.1
	No	185	45.9
Permanent	Yes	25	6.3
	No	377	93.7
Which contraceptive method cannot be used immediately after delivery?
Pills	Yes	110	27.4
	No	292	72.6
Injectables	Yes	162	40.2
	No	240	59.8
Implants (Implanon/Jadelle)	Yes	106	26.4
	No	296	73.6
Hormonal Emergency Contraception	Yes	166	41.3
	No	236	58.7
Side effect of using hormonal Postpartum family planning:
Change breast milk amount	Yes	252	62.8
	No	150	37.2
Health effect on women	Yes	148	36.7
	No	254	63.3
Has no side effect	Yes	105	26.1
	No	297	73.9
Where do you obtain postpartum contraceptive?
Public health institution	Yes	366	91.0
	No	36	9.0
Pharmacy/Private health facility	Yes	61	15.2
	No	341	84.8
The ideal time for family planning counseling is during ANC follow-up	Yes	117	29.1
	No	285	70.9
Benefit of postpartum family planning:
Prevention of unwanted pregnancy	Yes	329	81.8
	No	73	18.2
Limiting number of children	Yes	293	72.8
	No	109	27.2
Child spacing	Yes	366	91.0
	No	36	9.0
Knowledge of participant	Good knowledge	250	62.2
	Poor knowledge	152	37.8

Figure 3 Methods used during postpartum period among respondents in Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, in June 2019 (N=220).

Table 4 Bivariate and Multivariable Analysis of Determinant Factors of Postpartum Family Planning Utilization Among Postpartum Reproductive Age Women in Addis Zemen Town, South Gondar, Ethiopia in June 2019

Variables	PPFP Utilization		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
	Yes (N, %)	No (N, %)
Maternal age
≤19	14(6.5)	27(14.6)	1.92 (0.73, 5.05)	2.74 (0.96, 7.80)	0.058
20–24	64(29.5)	75(40.5)	1.17 (0.53, 2.58)	1.74 (0.74, 4.04)	0.199
25–29	75(34.6)	35(18.9)	0.46 (0.20, 1.06)	0.639 (0.26, 1.52)	0.312
30–34	49(22.5)	33(17.8)	0.67 (0.29, 1.56)	1.07 (0.43, 2.62)	0.877
35–39	15(6.9)	15(8.2)	1
Maternal educational status
No formal education	27(12.4)	57(30.8)	1
Formal education	190(87.6)	128(69.2)	3.13(1.88, 5.21)	2.99 (1.72, 5.19) *	0.001
Maternal occupation
Housewife	83(38.2)	65(35.1)	1
Govt. employee	72(33.2)	15(8.1)	0.26 (0.14, 0.50)	0.37(0.10, 1.34)	0.131
Merchant	37(17.1)	61(33.0)	2.10 (1.24, 3.54)	1.65 (0.48, 5.71)	0.424
Daily laborer/self-employ	25(11.5)	44(23.8)	2.24 (1.24, 4.04)	2.50(0.93, 6.72)	0.068
Discuss with partner
Yes	180(82.9)	122(65.9)	2.51 (1.57, 4.00)	0.62 (0.35, 1.11)	0.114
No	37(17.1)	63(34.1)	1
Menses return
Yes	127(58.5)	40(21.6)	5.11 (3.28, 7.95)	4.76 (3.03, 7.48) *	0.001
No	90(41.5)	145(78.4)	1
Number of alive children
1 −4	185(85.3)	111(60.0)	3.85 (2.39, 6.20)	2.61 (1.51, 4.51) *	0.001
≥ 5	32(14.7)	74(40.0)	1
Antenatal care follow-up
Yes	173(79.7)	131(70.8)	1.66 (1.05, 2.62)	1.07 (0.64, 1.80)	0.771
No	44(20.3)	54(29.2)	1
Last pregnancy plan
Unplanned	15(6.9)	21(11.4)	1
Planned	202(93.1)	164(88.6)	0.58 (0.29, 1.16)	0.68(0.31, 1.51)	0.353
Postnatal care follow-up
Yes	52(24.0)	15(8.1)	3.32(1.82,6.06)	2.96 (1.57, 5.57) *	0.001
No	165(76.0)	170(91.9)	1
Length of time after delivery
≤6 months	87(40.1)	111(60.0)	1
>6months	130(59.9)	74(40.0)	2.24(1.50,3.34)	1.80 (1.16, 2.79) *	0.008
Want to have children for future
Yes	184(84.8)	112(60.5)	3.63 (2.26,5.83)	1.01 (0.35, 2.81)	0.999
No	33(15.2)	73(39.5)	1
Knowledge (N=368)
Good knowledge	131(68.6)	98(55.4)	1.76(1.15, 2.69)	1.69 (1.07, 2.66) *	0.023
Poor knowledge	60(31.4)	79(44.6)	1

Note: *Significant at P-value <0.05.