Incidence-Proportion of Maternal Near-Misses and Associated Factors in Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants in the Selected Hospitals, SNNPR, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017

Variables	N=845	Frequency	Percent (%)
Marital status	Single	40	4.70
	Married	793	93.85
	Divorced	12	1.42
Age (years)	15–18	382	45.20
	20–24	432	51.10
	25–29	31	3.70
Religion	Orthodox	470	41.00
	Muslim	99	8.60
	Protestant	269	23.50
	Catholic	7	0.60
Ethnicity	Bench	202	23.91
	Amhara	154	18.22
	Keffa	212	25.08
	Sheka	205	24.26
	Tigre	28	3.31
	Oromo	44	5.20
	Unable to read and write	245	28.99
Education	Able to write and read	425	50.29
	College graduated	175	20.71
Occupational status	Farmer	216	25.56
	Trader	192	22.72
	Housewife	173	20.47
	Government employees	165	19.53
	Daily laborer	55	6.51
	Other	42	4.97
Residence	Urban	317	37.50
	Rural	528	62.48
Distance traveled	≤10 km	275	32.54
	>11 km	570	67.45

Table 2 Obstetric Characteristics of the Study Participants in Selected Public Health Institutions, SNNPR, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017

Variables		Women with Near-Miss		Women without a Near-Miss
		Frequency	Percent (%)	Frequency	Percent (%)
Parity	Nulliparous	17	8.10	112	17.64
	Primiparous	73	34.76	216	34.02
	Multiparous	120	57.14	307	48.35
Type of current pregnancy	Wanted and planned	165	78.57	515	81.10
	Wanted but unplanned	26	12.38	70	11.02
	Unwanted and unplanned	19	9.05	50	7.87
ANC visits	No	152	72.38	383	60.31
	Yes	58	27.62	252	39.69
Gestational age	Previable	20	9.52	112	17.64
	Preterm	11	5.24	37	5.82
	Term	170	80.95	458	72.13
	Post-term	9	4.29	28	4.41
Duration of labor	≤18hr	48	22.86	445	70.08
	>18hr	162	77.14	190	29.92
Visit type	Referred	33	15.71	86	13.54
	Not referred	177	84.29	549	86.46
Source of referral	Health center	20	9.52	79	12.44
	Self-referral	13	6.19	7	1.10
Intervention	Medical	128	60.95	24	3.78
	Surgical	82	39.05	611	96.22
Duration of hospital stay	≤7days	99	47.14	615	96.85
	≥8 days	111	52.86	20	3.15
Administration-related problems	yes	73	34.76	88	13.86
	No	137	65.24	547	86.14

Table 3 Indicators Proposed by WHO to Describe a Maternal Event in Selected Hospitals in SNNPR, Southwest Ethiopia

Indicators	Corresponding Values
The absolute number of maternal near-miss case	210
Maternal near-miss ratio/1000 live births	37.97
Maternal near-miss-to-maternal death ratio	12.35:1
Mortality ratio/100,000 live births	307.41
Mortality index (%)	7.48

Figure 1 Maternal near-miss events in selected hospitals of SNNPR, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017.

Table 4 Maternal Mortality Index of Each Cause in Selected Hospitals of SNNPR, Southwest Ethiopia

Near Miss Event	Number of Maternal Died	Number of Maternal Near-Miss	Mortality Index
Hemorrhage	8	69	10.39
Pre-eclampsia	2	49	3.92
Sepsis	2	41	4.65
Uterine rupture	3	33	8.33
Eclampsia	1	18	5.26

Table 5 Factors Associated with Maternal Near-Misses in Selected Public Health Institutions of SNNPR, Southwest Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Near-Misses		COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)
		Yes	No
Parity	Nully (R)	17	112	1	1	1
	Primi	73	216	2.27 (1.253–3.957)	0.019	2.19 (1.140–4.223)*
	Multi	120	307	2.58 (1.483–4.473)	0.003	2.56 (1.364–4.809)*
Duration of labor	<18hrs (R)	48	445	1	1	1
	>18hrs	162	190	7.91 (5.492–11.377)	0.000	6.89 (4.715–10.066)*
Time of diagnosis	Short (R)	141	514	1	1	1
	Long	69	121	2.08 (1.466–2.948)	0.032	1.56 (1.039–2.345)*
Administration-related problem	Yes	73	88	3.31 (2.305–4.759)	0.000	2.78 (1.805–4.286)*
	No (R)	137	547	1	1	1
ANC follow-up	Yes (R)	58	252	1	1	1
	No	152	383	1.72 (1.225–2.427)	0.011	1.7 (1.127–2.549)*
Distance of living place from hospital	Near (R)	47	196	1	1	1
	Far	163	439	1.55 (1.074–2.232)	0.002	2.27 (1.335–3.857)*
Residence	Urban (R)	126	411	1	1	1
	Rural	84	224	1.22 (0.888–1.685)	0.002	2.17 (1.340–3.500)*

Note: * P-value < 0.05.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; R, reference category.