The Effect of Early Childhood Sexual Abuse on Mental Health Among Postpartum Women Visiting Public Health Facilities in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: Multicenter Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Mothers Who Had No History of Childhood Sexual Abuse (n=865) and Who Had History of Childhood Sexual Abuse (N= 123)

Characteristics	Overall		Abused		Non-Abused		p-value
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Age (years)
<25	202	20.4	23	18.7	179	20.7	0.022
25–34	616	62.3	68	55.3	548	63.4
>34	170	17.2	32	26.0	138	16.0
Education level
Unable to read and write	158	16.0	29	23.5	129	14.9	0.040
Primary	125	12.7	12	9.8	113	13.1
High school and above	705	71.3	82	66.7	623	72.0
Job
Jobless	388	39.3	41	33.3	347	40.1	0.167
Has job	600	60.7	82	66.7	518	59.9
Living conditions
Alone	138	14.0	29	23.6	109	12.6	0.002
With family	850	86.0	94	76.4	756	87.4
Current marital status
Married	806	81.6	40	32.5	723	83.6	0.000
Unmarried	182	18.4	83	67.5	142	16.4
Family size
1 to 2	46	4.7	8	6.5	38	4.4
3 to 5	870	88.1	95	77.2	775	89.6
>5	71	7.3	20	16.3	52	6.0
Grow-up with
With biological mother	623	63.1	67	54.5	556	64.3	0.007
With step-mother	179	18.1	20	16.3	159	18.4
With relatives	186	18.8	36	29.2	150	17.3
Age at first marriage							0.829
<20 years	537	54.4	70	56.9	467	54.1
21 to 25 years	360	36.5	42	34.2	318	36.8
26 and above	90	9.1	11	8.9	79	9.1
Wealth (relative)
Lower	302	30.6	46	37.4	256	29.6
Middle	654	66.2	75	61.0	579	66.9
Higher	32	3.2	2	1.6	30	3.5

Table 2 Psychosocial Factors Among Mothers Who Had No History of Childhood Sexual Abuse (n=865) and Who Had History of Childhood Sexual Abuse (N= 123)

Characteristics	Overall		Abused		Non-Abused		p-value
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Mode of delivery							0.028
Cesarean section	439	44.4	66	53.7	373	43.1
Vaginal delivery	549	55.6	57	46.3	492	56.9
History of abortion							0.195
Yes	273	27.6	40	32.5	233	26.9
No	715	72.4	80	67.8	632	73.1
Social support							0.053
Poor	207	21.0	36	29.2	171	19.8
Moderate	660	66.8	74	60.2	586	67.7
Good	121	12.2	13	10.6	108	12.5
History of depression
Yes	79	8.0	6	4.9	73	8.4
No	909	92.0	117	95.1	792	91.6
Current pregnancy							0.000
Planned	836	84.6	83	67.5	753	87.1
Unplanned	152	15.4	40	32.5	112	12.9
Self-ability to care child							0.000
Able to care	760	76.9	79	64.2	681	78.7
Unable to care	228	23.1	44	35.8	184	21.3
Sexual cheater husband
Yes	538	54.5	94	76.4	444	51.3	0.000
No	450	45.5	29	23.6	421	48.7
Physical illness							0.000
Yes	217	22.0	59	48.0	158	18.3
No	771	78.0	64	52.0	707	81.7
Alcohol use							0.234
Yes	323	32.7	46	37.4	277	32.0
No	665	67.3	77	62.6	588	68.0
Smoking
Yes	10	1.0	2	1.6	8	0.9
No	978	99.0	121	98.4	857	99.1
Khat chewing
Yes	16	1.6	7	5.7	9	1.0
No	972	98.4	116	94.3	856	99.0
Cannabis use
Yes	16	1.6	3	2.4	13	1.5
No	972	98.4	120	97.6	852	98.5

Table 3 Factors Association with Postpartum Depression Among Postpartum Mothers

Explanatory Variables	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)
<25	2.0 (1.3, 3.2)*	3.1(1.9, 5.3)	0.000
25 to 34	1.3 (0.9, 1.9)	2.0(1.3, 3.2)	0.002
>34	1.00	1.00
Family size
1 to 2	1.00	1.00
3 to 5	0.5 (0.3, 0.9)*	0.6 (0.3, 1.1)	0.079
>5	1.7 (0.8, 3.6)	2.5 (1.1, 5.7)	0.031
Living condition
With family	1.00	1.00
Alone	1.9 (1.3, 2.7)*	0.11 (0.5, 1.1)	0.721
Grow-up
With biological mother	0.5 (0.4, 0.8)*	0.5 (0.4, 0.8)	0.005
With step-mother	1.3 (0.9, 1.8)	1.2 (0.8, 1.7)	0.341
With relatives	1.00	1.00
Alcohol use
Yes	2.3 (1.8, 3.1)*	2.2 (1.6, 2.9)	0.000
No	1.00	1.00
History of childhood sexual abuse
Abused	2.8 (1.9, 4.1)*	2.8 (1.9, 4.3)	0.000
Non-abused	1.00	1.00
Pregnancy
Planned	1.00	1.00
Unplanned	1.6(1.1, 2.2)*	1.0 (0.6, 1.4)	0.853
Route of delivery
Cesarean Section	1.4 (1.0, 1.8)*	1.3 (10, 1.8)	0.058
Vaginal delivery	1.00	1.00
Job
Yes	1.00	1.00
No	1.6 (1.2, 2.1)*	1.4 (1.1, 1.9)	0.028

Note: *p value< 0.05 and 1.00 (Reference).