Teenage Pregnancy and Its Associated Factors in Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Study Participants Living in Kersa HDSS, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Number (N=2258)	Percent
Age
13–15 years	981	43.4
16–17 years	553	24.5
18–19 years	724	32.1
Religion
Muslim	2180	96.6
Others^a	78	3.4
Ethnicity
Oromo	2195	97.2
Others^b	63	2.8
School attendance
In school	1041	46.1
Not in school	1217	53.9
Educational level
No formal education	675	29.9
Have a formal education	1583	70.1
Occupational status
Student	1028	45.5
House wife	704	31.2
Self employed	54	2.4
Unemployed	472	20.9
Marital status
Never married	1527	67.6
Ever married	731	32.4
Age at 1st marriage (N=731)
13–14years	95	13.0
15–17years	582	79.6
18–19 years	54	7.4

Notes: ^aOrthodox and Protestant. ^bAmhara and Gurage.

Table 2 Family Level and Reproductive Health Characteristics of the Study Participants Living in Kersa HDSS, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Number (N=2258)	Percent
Wealth index
Lowest	477	21.1
Second	445	19.7
Middle	433	19.2
Fourth	452	20.0
Highest	451	20.0
Educational status of the mother
No formal education	2082	92.2
Have a formal education	176	7.8
Occupational status of the mother
Housewife	2127	94.2
Others^c	131	5.8
Educational status of the father
No formal education	1835	81.3
Have a formal education	423	18.7
Occupational status of the father
Farmer	1993	88.3
Others	265	11.7
Parent marital status
Married	2012	89.1
Widowed	79	3.5
Divorced	167	7.4
Type of parent raised
Both biological parents	1977	87.5
Either of biological parent	126	5.6
Guardian/adoptive parents	155	6.9
Sisters history of teenage pregnancy
Yes	781	34.6
No	1477	65.4
Communication with parents on RH issues
Yes	220	9.7
No	2038	90.3
Get family counselling
Yes	276	12.2
No	1982	87.8
Received sex education at school
Yes	542	24.0
No	1716	76.0
Knew fertile period in menstrual cycle
Yes	389	17.2
No	1869	82.8
Knew the accurate time to take emergency contraceptive(EC)
Yes	193	8.6
No	2065	91.4

Note: ^cIn occupation type includes government employee, self-employ, unemployed.

Table 3 Prevalence of Different Contributing Factors for Teenage Pregnancy Among Study Participants Living in Kersa HDSS, Eastern Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Teenage Pregnancy (n=2258)		Prevalence 95% CI
Age	Yes, n (%)	No, n (%)
13–15 years	16(2.3)	965(61.2)	1.6(1, 2.6)
16–17 years	158(23.2)	395(25.1)	28.6(24.9,32.5)
18–19 years	508(74.5)	216(13.7)	70.1(66.7,73.4)
School attendance
In school	31(4.6)	1010(64.1)	3.0(2.1,4.2)
Not in school	651(95.4)	566(35.9)	53.5(50.7,56.3)
Educational level
No formal education	382(56)	293(18.6)	56.6 (52.8,60.3)
Have a formal education	300(44)	1283(81.4)	18.9 (17.1,20.9)
Occupation
Student	23(3.4)	1005(63.8)	2.2(1.5,3.3)
House wife	589(86.4)	115(7.3)	83.7(80.7,86.2)
Self-employee	11(1.6)	43(3.7)	20.4(11.4,33.6)
Unemployed	59(8.6)	413(26.2)	12.5(9.8,15.8)
Marital status
Never married	85(12.5)	1442(91.5)	5.6(4.5,6.8)
Ever married	597(87.5)	134(8.5)	81.7(78.7,84.3)
Wealth index
Lowest	185(27.1)	292(18.5)	38.8(34.5,43.3)
Second	140(20.5)	305(19.3)	31.4(27.3,35.9)
Middle	137(20.1)	296(18.9)	32.7(27.4,36.2)
Fourth	135(19.8)	317(20.1)	29.9(25.8,34.3)
Highest	85(12.5)	366(23.2)	18.8(15.5,22.7)
Educational status of the mother
No formal education	646(94.7)	1436(91.1)	31.0(29, 33)
Have a formal education	36(5.3)	140(8.9)	20.4(15.1,27.1)
Occupational status of the mother
Housewife	652(95.6)	1475(93.6)	30.7(28.7,32.6)
Others	30(4.4)	101(6.4)	22.9(16.4,31)
Educational status of the father
No formal education	588(86.2)	1247(79.1)	32.0(29.9,34.3)
Have a formal education	94(13.8)	329(20.9)	22.2(18.5,26.5)
Occupational status of the father
Farmer	610(89.4)	1383(87.8)	30.6(28.6,32.7)
Others	72(10.6)	193(12.2)	27.2(22.1,32.9)
Parental marital status
Married	563(82.6)	1449(91.9)	27.9(26.1, 30)
Widowed	31(4.6)	48(3.1)	39.2(28.9,50.6)
Divorced	88(12.9)	79(5.0)	52.7(45, 60.2)
Type of Family raised
Both biological parents	552(80.9)	1425(90.4)	27.9(25.9,29.9)
Either of bio. Parents	50(7.3)	76(4.8)	39.7(31.4,48.6)
Neither of bio. Parents	80(11.7)	75(4.8)	51.6(43.7,59.5)
Elder sister history of teenage pregnancy
Yes	396(58.1)	385(24.4)	50.7(47.2,54.2)
No	386(41.9)	1191(75.6)	19.4(17.4,21.5)
Discussion with parents on RH issues
Yes	20(2.9)	200(12.7)	9.0(5.9,13.7)
No	662(97.1)	1376(87.3)	32.5(30.5,34.5)
Get family counselling
Yes	25(3.7)	251(15.9)	9.0(6.2, 13.1)
No	657(96.3)	1325(84.1)	33.1(31.1,35.3)
Received sex education at school
Yes	61(8.9)	481(30.5)	11.3(8.8, 14.2)
No	621(91.1)	1095(69.5)	36.2(33.9,38.5)
Knew fertile period in menstrual cycle
Yes	100(14.7)	289(18.3)	25.7 (21.6, 30.3)
No	582(85.3)	1287(81.7)	31.1 (29.1,33.3)
Knew the accurate time to take EC
Yes	27(4.0)	166(10.5)	13.9(9.7,19.7)
No	655(95.0)	1410(89.5)	31.7(29.7,33.8)
Ever had pregnancy	682(30.2)	1576(69.8)	30.2(28.3, 32.1)

Table 4 Factors Associated with Teenage Pregnancy Among Study Participants Living in Kersa HDSS Eastern Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	CPR (95% CI)	Model I (Demographic Factors) APR (95% CI)	Model II (Family-Related Factors) APR (95% CI)	Model III (Reproductive Characteristics Factors) APR (95% CI)	Final Model APR (95% CI)
Age
13–15Years	1	1			1
16–17years	17.52(10.59,28.99)*	6.8(4.05,11.56)*			7.05(4.15,11.96)*
18–19years	43.02(26.39,70.11)*	9.57(5.58,16.40)*			9.85(5.72,16.98)*
Schooling attendance
In school	1	1			1
Not in school	17.96(12.65,25.51)*	3.48(2.39,5.07)*			2.83(1.93,4.16)*
Educational level
No formal education	2.98(2.64,3.37)*	1.11(1.03,1.19)*			1.11(1.03,1.19)*
Have a formal education	1	1			1
Marital status
Never married	1	1			1
Ever married	14.67(11.89,18.09)*	3.60(2.81,4.63)*			3.59(2.83,4.56)*
Wealth index
Lowest	2.06(1.65,2.57)*		1.69(1.36,2.08)*		1.14(0.99,1.32)
Second	1.67 (1.32,2.11)*		1.59(1.28,1.99)*		1.13(0.97,1.31)
Middle	168(1.33,2.13)*		1.49(1.19,1.88)*		1.11(0.96,1.29)
Fourth	1.58(1.25,2.01)*		1.42(1.14,1.78)*		1.09(0.94,1.27)
Highest	1		1		1
Educational status of the mother
No formal education	1.51(1.12, 2.04)*		1.21(0.89,1.65)		1.03(0.84,1.26)
Have a formal education	1		1		1
Occupational status of the mother
*Other occupation	1		1		1
Housewife	1.33(0.97,1.84)		1.31(0.97,1.77)*		0.96(0.76,1.21)
Educational status of the father
No formal education	1.44(1.19,1.74)*		1.22(1.00,1.48)*		0.98(0.87,1.12)
Have a formal education	1		1		1
Parental marital status
Married	1		1		1
Widowed	1.40(1.05, 1.86)*		1.43(1.11,1.84)*		1.01(0.78,1.30)
Divorced	1.88(1.60,2.21)*		1.68(1.39,2.01)*		1.24(1.08,1.42)*
Type of Family raised
Both biological parents	1		1		1
Either of bio. Parents	1.42(1.13,1.78)*		0.81(0.65,1.03)*		1.11(0.91,1.35)
Neither of bio. Parents	1.84(1.56,2.18)*		1.33(1.13,1.57)*		1.09(0.95,1.26)
Elder sister history of teenage pregnancy
Yes	2.62(2.31,2.97)*		2.46(2.17,2.79)*		1.11(1.02,1.21)*
No	1		1		1
Discussion with parents on RH issues
Yes	0.28(0.18,0.43)*			0.59(0.38,0.90)*	0.77(0.57,1.05)
No	1			1	1
Get family counselling
Yes	0.27(0.18,0.39)*			0.57(0.38,0.84)*	1.02(0.75,1.38)
No	1			1	1
Received Sex education at school
Yes	0.31(0.24,0.39)*			0.41(0.32,0.53)*	0.96(0.82,1.13)
No	1			1	1
Knew fertile period in menstrual cycle
Yes	1			1	1
No	1.21(1.01,1.45)*			0.98(0.83,1.17)	1.31(1.16,1.47)*
Knew the accurate time to take EC
Yes	0.44(0.31,0.63)*			0.64(0.45,0.91)*	0.81(0.59,1.09)
No	1			1	1

Notes: *p < 0.2 in crude prevalence ratio (CPR); *p < 0.05 in adjusted prevalence ratio (APR).