Labor Companionship in Labor and Delivery at Debremarkos Town Public Health Facilities: Magnitude and Associated Factors

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Respondents at Debre Markos Town, NorthWest Ethiopia from February to March 2021

S.No	Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
1	Age (n=548)	15 to 24	156	28.5%
		25 t0 34	289	52.7%
		35 to 49	103	18.8%
2	Residence (n=548)	Rural	366	66.8%
		Urban	182	33.2%
3	Religion (n=548)	Orthodox	531	96.9%
		Muslim	16	2.9%
		Protestant	1	0.2%
4	Ethnicity (n=548)	Amhara	543	99.1%
		Agew	4	0.7%
		Oromo	1	0.2%
5	Educational status (n=548)	No formal education	153	27.9%
		Primary education	149	27.2%
		Secondary education	102	18.6%
		College and above	144	26.3%
6	Occupation (n=548)	House wife	164	29.9%
		Government employee	106	19.3%
		Private worker	48	8.8%
		Merchant	64	11.7%
		Farmer	144	26.3%
		Others^a	22	4%
7	Marital status (n=548)	Married	497	90.7%
		Single(unmarried)/ Divorced /Separated	51	9.3%
8	Average monthly income (n=548)	Less than 3000	239	43.6
		≥ 3000	309	56.4
9	Husband's education (n=527)	No formal education	117	22.2%
		Primary school	122	23.1%
		Secondary school	116	22%
		College and above	172	32.6%
10	Husband's occupation (n=527)	Farmer	165	31.3%
		Government employee	132	25%
		Merchant	111	21.1%
		Private worker	87	16.5%
		Daily laborer	21	4%
		Others^b	11	2.1%

Notes: ^aOther includes: student, NGO, jobless and daily laborer. ^bOther include: jobless, NGO, intermid.

Table 2 Maternal Obstetric Characteristics of Study Participant at Debremarkos Town, Northwest Ethiopia from February to March 2021

S.No	Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent (%)
1	Gravidity (n=548)	Primigravida	215	39.2%
		Multigravida	333	60.8%
2	Parity (n=548)	Primipara	242	44.2%
		Multipara	306	55.8%
3	Pregnancy status (n=548)	Planned	507	92.5%
		Un-planned	41	7.5%
		Wanted	534	97.4%
		Un-wanted	14	2.6%
		Supported	528	96.4%
		Un-supported	20	3.6%
4	Complicated pregnancy (n=548)	Yes	151	27.6%
		No	397	72.4%
5	BOH (n=333)	Yes	64	19.2%
		No	269	80.8%
6	History of abortion (n=333)	Yes	88	26.4%
		No	245	73.6%
7	Pregnancy complication (n=548)	Yes	103	18.8%
		No	445	81.2%
8	History of chronic illness (n=548)	Yes	7	1.3%
		No	541	98.7%
9	Labor-delivery complication (n=548)	Yes	209	38.1%
		No	339	61.9%
10	Current mode of delivery (n=548)	SVD	398	72.6%
		Cesarean delivery	111	20.3%
		Instrumental/episiotomy assisted	39	7.1%

Abbreviation: BOH, bad obstetric history.

Table 3 Maternal Health Service Related Variables of Study Participant at Debremarkos Town, North West Ethiopia from February to March 2021

S.No	Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent (%)
1	At least one ANC (n=548)	Yes	526	96%
		No	22	4%
2	Number of ANC (n=526)	Less than 4	140	26.6%
		≥ four	386	73.4
3	Counseled on BP and CR during ANC (n=526)	Yes	387	73.6%
		No	139	26.4%
4	Informed about birth companion selection at ANC (n=387)	Yes	110	28.4%
		No	277	71.6%
5	Current labor delivery place (n=548)	Hospital	491	89.6%
		Health center	57	10.4%
6	Previous delivery place (n=306)	Health facility	244	79.7%
		Home	58	19%
		Else^c	4	1.3%
7	Is fear of loneliness at labor room risk for home delivery? (n=58)	Yes	7	12.1%
		No	51	87.9%
8	Previous delivery facility type (n=244)	Public hospital	149	61.1%
		Public health center	91	37.3%
		Health post	4	1.6%
9	History of labor companionship (n=244)	Yes	100	41%
		No	144	59%

Note: ^cPast delivery place other than health facility and home which is at road.

Abbreviation: ANC, antenatal care.

Figure 1 Magnitude of labor companion utilization among postnatal women at Debremarkos town public health institutions north west, Ethiopia 2021. From the pie-chart 1 represents the magnitude of utilization and 2 represents the magnitude of non-utilization.

Table 4 Bi-Variable and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Labor Companion Utilization, in Debre-Markos Town Public Health Institutions, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021 (n=548)

Variable	Labor Companion Utilization		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Yes	No
Age of women
15 to 24	26	130	2.74 (1.143, 6.582)*	1.48 (0.464, 4.717)
25 to 34	47	242	2.66 (1.163, 6.099)*	1.78 (0.654, 4.862)
35 to 49	7	96	1	1
Marital status
Married	76	421	2.12(0.743, 6.059)	1.86 (0.585, 5.905)
Separated/single/divorced	4	47	1	1
Future desire
Yes	73	349	3.56 (1.593–7.937)**	3.63 (1.513, 8.698)**
No	7	119	1	1
Gravidity
Primigravida	46	169	2.39(1.479, 3.875)***	0.967 (0.289, 3.237)
Multigravida	34	299	1
Parity
Premipara	51	191	2.55 (1.560–4.170)***	3.49 (1.926, 6.349)***
Multipara	29	277	1	1
Complicated Pregnancy
Yes	45	106	4.39 (2.685, 7.181)***	5.53 (3.086, 9.917)***
No	35	362	1	1
Knowledge of respondents
Below mean	46	337	1	1
Mean and above	34	131	1.90 (1.168, 3.095)**	1.538 (0.862, 2.744)
SBA Busyness
Yes	34	390	0.148 (0.089,0.245)**	0.13 (0.072,0.228)***
No	46	78	1	1
Mode of delivery
SVD	56	342	1	1
C/S	12	99	0.740 (0.382, 1.436)	0.844 (0.389, 1.830)
Instrumental/episiotomy assisted vaginal delivery	12	27	2.714 (1.300,5.668)*	1.805 (0.759, 4.296)
Sex of SBAs mostly followed
Both	21	88	1.25 (0.708, 2.195)	0.89 (0.458, 1.758)
Female	10	124	0.42 (0.207, 0.860)*	0.37 (0.166, 0.823)**
Male	49	256	1	1

Notes: ***P ≤0.001, **P≤0.01, *P≤0.05; 1; reference category.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odd ratio; COR, crude odd ratio; CI, confidence interval.