Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin in Preventing Early-Onset Preeclampsia in the Taiwanese Population—A Retrospective Cohort Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart.

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics

Parameter	Total (n = 805)	Early Onset Preeclampsia (n = 4)	No Early-Onset Preeclampsia (n = 801)	p-value
Age (years)	33.39 (18–48)	37 (30–41)	33.37 (18–48)	0.109^a
<40	732 (90.93)	2 (50)	730 (91.14)	0.043^b
≥40	73 (9.07)	2 (50)	71 (8.86)
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.79 (15.81–43.75)	24.27 (21.9–26.67)	23.79 (15.81–43.75)	0.831^a
<30	731 (90.81)	4 (100)	727 (90.76)	>0.999^b
≥30	74 (9.19)	0 (0)	74 (9.24)
PAPP-A (MoM)	1.56 (0.04–5.49)	1.02 (0.83–1.23)	1.56 (0.04–5.49)	0.004^a
PlGF (MoM)	1 (0.1–4.34)	0.29 (0.1–0.67)	1 (0.12–4.34)	0.002^a
MAP (MoM)	0.97 (0.59–1.43)	1.19 (1–1.33)	0.97 (0.59–1.43)	<0.001^a
Parity				0.318^b
≥1	344 (42.73)	3 (75)	341 (42.57)
0	461 (57.27)	1 (25)	460 (57.43)
Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)				0.026^b
No	749 (93.04)	2 (50)	747 (93.26)
Yes	56 (6.96)	2 (50)	54 (6.74)

Notes: Data are presented as mean (range) or number (%). ^aStudent’s t-test. ^bFisher’s exact test.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PAPP-A, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A; PLGF, placenta growth factor.

Table 2 Demographics of the Study Population

Parameter	Total (n = 805)	Preterm Preeclampsia (n = 18)	No Preterm Preeclampsia (Including Term Preeclampsia) (n = 787)	p-value
Age (years)	33.39 (18–48)	34.22 (24–43)	33.37 (18–48)	0.429^a
<40	732 (90.93)	14 (77.78)	718 (91.23)	0.072^c
≥40	73 (9.07)	4 (22.22)	69 (8.77)
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.79 (15.81–43.75)	27.39 (17.99–41.74)	23.71 (15.81–43.75)	<0.001^a
<30	731 (90.81)	14 (77.78)	717 (91.11)	0.075^c
≥30	74 (9.19)	4 (22.22)	70 (8.89)
PAPP-A (MoM)	1.56 (0.04–5.49)	1.2 (0.42–3.15)	1.57 (0.04–5.49)	0.046^a
PlGF (MoM)	1 (0.1–4.34)	0.74 (0.1–2.26)	1 (0.12–4.34)	0.014^a
MAP (MoM)	0.97 (0.59–1.43)	1.16 (1–1.39)	0.96 (0.59–1.43)	<0.001^a
Parity				>0.999^b
≥1	344 (42.73)	8 (44.44)	336 (42.69)
0	461 (57.27)	10 (55.56)	451 (57.31)
Hypertension (> 140/90 mmHg)				<0.001^b
No	749 (93.04)	8 (44.44)	741 (94.16)
Yes	56 (6.96)	10 (55.56)	46 (5.84)

Notes: Data are presented as mean (range) or number (%). ^aStudent’s t-test. ^bChi-square exact test. ^cFisher’s exact test.

Table 3 Results of Multivariate Logistic Regression

Parameter	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)			0.545
<40	Ref
≥40	3.846	(0.023, 275.108)
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.996
<30	Ref
≥30	< 0.001	(-Inf, Inf)
PAPP-A (MoM)	0.467	(0.004, 15.519)	0.699
PLGF (MoM)	<0.001	(0, 0.014)	0.044
MAP (MoM)	54953152	(-Inf, Inf)	0.088
Parity			0.904
≥1	Ref
0	1.258	(0.029, 125.546)
Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)			0.141
No	Ref
Yes	37.354	(0.49, 29018595)

Table 4 Adjusted Odds Ratio Between Preterm Preeclampsia and Maternal Factors/Biochemistry

Parameter	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)			0.112
<40	Ref
≥40	3.566	(0.656, 16.081)
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.671
<30	Ref
≥30	0.725	(0.143, 2.868)
PAPP-A (MoM)	0.4	(0.132, 1.023)	0.077
PLGF (MoM)	0.231	(0.035, 1.179)	0.101
MAP (MoM)	19378.94	(214.526, 2667239.006)	<0.001
Parity			0.255
≥1	Ref
0	2.02	(0.627, 7.316)
Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)			0.001
No	Ref
Yes	7.589	(2.183, 26.99)

Table 5 Results of the Subgroup Analysis Subjects Tested Positive (n = 78)

Parameter	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)			>0.999
<40	Ref
≥40	45609186	(0, Inf)
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.999
<30	Ref
≥30	3.73E+17	(0, Inf)
PAPP-A (MoM)	0.017	(0, Inf)	>0.999
PLGF (MoM)	0	(0, Inf)	0.998
MAP (MoM)	2.37E+155	(0, Inf)	0.999
Parity			>0.999
≥1	Ref
0	2.143	(0, Inf)
Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)			0.999
No	Ref
Yes	1.09E+59	(0, Inf)
Dosing before week 16			>0.999
No
Yes	8.68E+18	(0, Inf)

Table 6 Correlation of Tested Positive (78) with the Development of Preterm Preeclampsia

Parameter	OR	(95% CI)	p-value
Age (years)			0.615
<40	Ref
≥40	0.434	(0.011, 9.692)
BMI (kg/m^2)			0.869
<30	Ref
≥30	1.201	(0.116, 10.909)
PAPP-A (MoM)	0.224	(0.012, 2.312)	0.254
PLGF (MoM)	0.001	(0, 0.139)	0.018
MAP (MoM)	4285811	(137.526, 1335023379131.13)	0.008
Parity			0.633
≥1	Ref
0	0.662	(0.118, 3.809)
Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)			0.057
No	Ref
Yes	17.089	(1.286, 542.497)
Dosing before week 16			0.993
No
Yes	223980968.874	(0, 999999999)

Table 7 Distribution of Bokey Initiated in Different Gestational Weeks

Gestational Week	Number
4^+0 ~ 4^+6	1
7^+0 ~ 7^+6	1
8^+0 ~ 8^+6	1
12^+0 ~ 12^+6	7
13^+0 ~ 13^+6	18
14^+0 ~ 14^+6	30
15^+0 ~ 15^+6	10
16^+0 ~ 16^+6	7
17^+0 ~ 17^+6	2
18^+0 ~ 18^+6	1