Effect of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms, Manifestations, Genetics, and Treatment

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Included RCTs of Intervention on Changes of Serum SHBG

Study ID	Population	No of Cases	Intervention	Duration	Changes of Serum SHBG
Lass et al^Citation70	Obese PCOS (NICHD)	59	LS	52weeks	8ng/mL
Hoeger et al^Citation71	Obese adolescent PCOS	8	LS	24weeks	17.6nmol/l
Hoeger et al^Citation71	Obese adolescent PCOS	6	MET	24weeks	2.5nmol/l
Hoeger et al^Citation71	Obese adolescent PCOS	10	COC (EE+DRSP)	24weeks	77.1nmol/l
Hoeger et al^Citation71	Obese adolescent PCOS	10	PLA	24weeks	2nmol/l
Frøssing et al^Citation89	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam)	44	LIA	26weeks	7.4nmol/l
Frøssing et al^Citation89	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam)	21	PLA	26weeks	2nmol/l
Nylander et al^Citation90	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam)	44	LIA	26weeks	7.4nmol/l
Nylander et al^Citation90	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam)	21	PLA	26weeks	2nmol/l
Morgante et al^Citation101	PCOS (Rotterdam)	20	EE + DRSP	12weeks	61.5nmol/l
Morgante et al^Citation101	PCOS (Rotterdam)	20	EE + CMA	12weeks	56.05nmol/l
Morgante et al^Citation101	PCOS (Rotterdam)	20	EE + DNG	12weeks	60.7nmol/l
Jamilian et al^Citation121	PCOS (Rotterdam)	30	High-dose VitD +MET	12weeks	19.1nmol/l
Jamilian et al^Citation121	PCOS (Rotterdam)	30	Low-dose VitD +MET	12weeks	4.5nmol/l
Jamilian et al^Citation121	PCOS (Rotterdam)	30	MET	12weeks	0.7nmol/l
Nasri et al^Citation126	PCOS (Rotterdam)	30	SYN	12weeks	0.5nmol/l
Nasri et al^Citation126	PCOS (Rotterdam)	30	PLA	12weeks	19.8nmol/l

Abbreviations: CMA, chlormadinone acetate; COC, combined oral contraceptives; DNG, dienogest; DRSP, drosperinone; EE, ethinyl estradiol; LS, lifestyle; MET, metformin; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; PLA, placebo; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; SYN, synbiotic; VitD, vitamin D.

Table 2 Characteristics of the Included Meta-Analysis of Intervention on Changes of Serum SHBG

Study ID	Population	No of Cases	Intervention	Duration	Changes of Serum SHBG
Haqq et al^Citation72	PCOS	104/102	LS vs UC	12–48weeks	2.37 (1.27, 3.47) nmol/l
Guan et al^Citation78	Overweight PCOS	144/151	UC+PLA/LS vs MET	6–48weeks	2.21 (–0.20, 4.63) nmol/l
Xing et al^Citation91	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam/NIH)	77/82	GLP-1RA vs MET	12–24weeks	1.42 (−1.76, 4.60) nmol/l
Xing et al^Citation91	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam/NIH)	50/82	MET + GLP-1RA vs MET	12–24weeks	9.22 (5.46, 12.98) nmol/l
Xing et al^Citation91	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam/NIH)	40/82	MET + TZD vs MET	12–24weeks	4.30 (0.78, 7.82) nmol/l
Xing et al^Citation91	Overweight PCOS (Rotterdam/NIH)	50/77	MET + GLP-1RA vs GLP-1RA	12–24weeks	7.80 (4.75, 10.85) nmol/l
Xu et al^Citation97	PCOS (ESHRE/ASRM)	319/324	TZD vs.MET	6–24weeks	2.28 (−0.50, 5.06) nmol/l
Unfer et al^Citation103	PCOS	292/249	MI vs PLA or COC	12–24weeks	0.17 (–0.25, 0.58) nmol/l
Facchinetti et al^Citation105	PCOS (Rotterdam)	37/37	MET vs MI	24weeks	0.04 (–0.41, 0.50) nmol/l
Zhang et al^Citation106	PCOS (NICHD/ESHRE/ASRM/AES)	108/233	IN vs PLA	8–24weeks	0.42 (0.20, 0.63) nmol/l
Zhang et al^Citation106	PCOS (NICHD/ESHRE/ASRM/AES)	108/139	IN vs VitD	8–24weeks	0.36 (0.07, 0.65) nmol/l
Guo et al^Citation119	PCOS (NICHD/Rotterdam)	114/100	VitD vs PLA	8–12weeks	0.37 [–0.39, 1.13] nmol/l
Yazdi et al^Citation120	PCOS (NICHD/Rotterdam)	75	VitD (before vs after)	3–12weeks	0.00 (–0.22, 0.22) nmol/l
Shamasbi et al^Citation127	PCOS	30/30	SYN vs PLA	12weeks	0.49 [−0.02, 1.01] ug/mL
Shamasbi et al^Citation127	PCOS	60/60	PRO vs PLA	12weeks	0.59 [0.23, 0.96] ug/mL
Shamasbi et al^Citation127	PCOS	90/90	SYN + PRO vs PLA	12weeks	0.56 [0.26, 0.86] ug/mL

Abbreviations: AES, Androgen Excess Society; COC, combined oral contraceptives; ESHRE/ASRM, European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society for Reproductive Medicine; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; IN, inositol; LS, lifestyle; MET, metformin; MI, myo-inositol; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; PLA, placebo; PRO, probiotics; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; SYN, synbiotic; TZD, thiazolidinedione; UC, usual care; VitD, vitamin D.

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