Variations of Ghrelin and Obestatin Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle of Women of Different BMIs

Figures & data

Table 1 Anthropometric and Hormonal Measurements of the Participants

Variables (Mean ± SD)	Normal Weight Group (n = 26)	Overweight–Obese Group (n = 30)	P value
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^2)	21.97 ± 1.89	31.39 ± 3.57	< 0.001*
Waist circumference (cm)	75.69 ± 5.88	87.25 ±14.70	< 0.001*
Hip circumference (cm)	98.58 ± 7.05	111.43 ±16.53	0.001*
Waist/hip (W/H) ratio	0.77± 0.06	0.78 ± 0.07	0.711
Serum leptin (pg/mL)	9482.9 ± 4385.7	12,986.9 ± 6386.7	0.022*
Serum adiponectin (µg/mL)	7.35± 3.28	5.47 ± 2.84	0.026*
Serum estrogen (pg/mL)	65.6 ±19.8	60.6 ± 24.9	0.437

Note: *Significance level at P < 0.05.

Table 2 Serum Ghrelin, Obestatin, and Ghrelin/Obestatin Ratio Across Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle in Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Groups

Hormones Median (IQR)	Phase of the Menstrual Cycle	Normal Weight Group	Overweight Obese Group	P value (Between Groups)
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	Follicular phase (F)	534.0 (2510)	345 (499.3)	0.005*
	N	17	25
	Preovulatory phase (PO)	596.3 (1470)	575 (620.5)	0.116
	N	19	26
	Luteal phase (L)	1060 (2440)	316 (965)	0.363
	N	19	26
	P value (within group)	0.250	0.225
Obestatin (pg/ mL)	Follicular phase (F)	6024.7 (1869.9)	5188.8 (2170.3)	0.797
	N	25	29
	Preovulatory phase (PO)	6059.4 (2460.1)	5058.3 (2433.8)	0.720
	N	25	29
	Luteal phase (L)	5591.6 (2590.6)	5210.6 (2149.1)	0.977
	N	25	29
	P value (within group)	0.911	0 0.823
Ghrelin/obestatin ratio	Follicular phase (F)	0.22 (0.43)	0.07 (0.08)	0.134
	N	16	24
	Preovulatory phase (PO)	0.22 (0.33)	0.10 (0.20)	0.181
	N	18	25
	Luteal phase (L)	0.25 (0.78)	0.08 (0.21)	0.403
	N	18	25
	P value (within group)	0.181	0.383

Note: *p value < 0.05.

Figure 1 Variation of ghrelin (A), obestatin (B), and ghrelin/obestatin ratio (C) during different phases of the menstrual cycle, data was represented as median (IQR).

Figure 2 Comparisons of average serum ghrelin (A), and obestatin (B) between normal weight and overweight/obese groups, data was shown as median (95% CI), *p value < 0.05.

Table 3 Correlation Coefficient Between Gastric Hormones (Ghrelin, Obestatin) and Adipose Tissue Hormones (Leptin, Adiponectin), and Estradiol

Gastric Hormones		Leptin	Adiponectin	Estradiol
Ghrelin	r	−0.200	0.221	0.232
	p	0.204	0.159	0.150
Obestatin	r	0.030	0.243	−0.029
	p	0.830	0.076	0.845

Note: r: correlation coefficient using Spearman test.