Women’s Involvement in Decision-Making and Associated Factors Among Women Who Underwent a Caesarean Section in Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Mothers Who Underwent a Caesarean Delivery in Sidama Region Public Hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Age	<20	81	18.6%
	20–30	305	66.7%
	>30	58	14.7%
Religion	Protestant	187	43.0%
	Orthodox	120	27.6%
	Catholic	43	9.9%
	Muslim	85	19.5%
Place of residence	Rural	239	54.9%
	Urban	196	45.1%
Marital status	Single	5	1.1%
	Married	422	97.0%
	Divorce	3	0.7%
	Widow	5	1.1%
Educational Status	Non-formal education	94	21.6%
	Can read and write	73	16.8%
	Primary (grade 1–8)	103	23.7%
	Secondary school and above	165	37.9%
Occupation	Housewife	128	29.4%
	Farmer	57	13.1%
	Student	79	18.2%
	Traders/merchant	65	14.9%
	Government employee	66	15.2%
	Private employee	40	9.2%

Table 2 Source Information of Mothers Who Underwent a Caesarean Delivery in Sidama Region Public Hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Did you participate on the women’s development team?	Yes	174	40.0%
	No	261	60.0%
Do you have an android mobile?	Yes	224	51.5%
	No	211	48.5%
Do you have a Radio?	Yes	254	58.4%
	No	181	41.6%
Do you have a TV?	Yes	155	35.6%
	No	280	64.4%
Have you watched medical consultations on TV?	Yes	118	27.1%
	No	317	72.9%
Did you watch/listen to mass media?	Yes	177	40.7%
	No	258	59.3%
Did you read the books /magazines that related to obstetrics?	Yes	68	15.6%
	No	372	84.4%
Have you coffee ceremony with your neighbourhood?	Yes	204	46.9%
	No	231	53.1%

Table 3 Obstetrics Characteristics of Mothers Who Underwent a Caesarean Delivery in Sidama Region Public Hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Parity	1	155	35.6%
	2	109	25.1%
	3	91	20.9%
	≥4	80	18.4%
ANC follow-up?	Yes	378	86.9%
	No	57	13.1%
How many times did you receive ANC service?	1	44	10.1%
	2–3	176	40.5%
	≥4	158	36.3%
Did you have information during ANC follow-up about shared decision-making during labour for a mode of delivery?	Yes	138	31.7%
	No	240	55.2%
Do you have a history of previous caesarean delivery?	Yes	99	22.8%
	No	336	77.2%
Type of current caesarean delivery	Scheduled	78	17.9%
	Unscheduled	357	82.1%

Table 4 Service-Related Factors of Consent Disclosure of Mothers Who Underwent a Caesarean Delivery in Sidama Region Public Hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Was consent taken after explaining everything in easy language/Mather language?	Yes	183	42.1%
	No	251	57.9%
Before the caesarean delivery, did you feel you had adequate information about a caesarean delivery?	Yes	171	39.3%
	No	264	60.7%
Timing of consent	The day before the date of surgery	35	8.0%
	On the day of surgery	59	13.6%
	Immediately before surgery	240	55.2%
	On the operation table	101	23.2%
Consented requested by	Ob-gyn specialist	43	9.9%
	General practitioner/resident	132	30.3%
	IESOS	76	17.5%
	Midwives/Nurses	184	42.3%
Did you feel you had adequate time to decide to have a caesarean delivery?	Yes	207	47.6%
	No	228	52.4%

Figure 1 Health care providers’ relationship with mothers who underwent a caesarean delivery in Sidama region Public hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435).

Table 5 Shared Decision-Making Among Mothers Who Underwent a Caesarean Delivery in Sidama Region Public Hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435)

Variables (SDMQ9)	SA and A	Neutral	SD and D
Did care providers tell about CD/indication?	188(43.2%)	30(6.9)	217(49.9%)
Did healthcare providers ask your thought about CD?	158(36.3%)	83(19.1%)	194(44.6%)
Did healthcare providers explain about different modes of birth for treating your obstetrics condition?	160(36.8%)	67(15.4%)	208(47.8%)
Did healthcare providers explain the benefits and risks of a CD?	195(44.8%)	74(17.0%)	166(40.2%)
Did healthcare providers help you to understand all the information about the procedure?	170(39.1%)	68(15.6%)	197(45.3%)
Did healthcare providers ask which mode of delivery option you prefer?	194(44.6%)	50(11.5%)	191(43.9%)
Did healthcare providers and you thoroughly weigh the different modes of delivery options?	192(44.1%)	49(11.3%)	194(44.6%)
Did you and healthcare providers decide together about a CD?	187(43.0%)	74(17.0%)	174(40.0%)
Did you and healthcare providers agree on how to proceed with the procedure?	207(47.6)	68(15.6%)	160(341.8%)

Abbreviations: SA, Strongly agree; A, agree; SD, strongly disagree; D, disagree.

Figure 2 Involvement in decision-making among mothers who underwent a caesarean delivery in Sidama region Public hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435).

Table 6 Bivariable and Multivariable Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis of Independent Variable for Women’s Involvement in Decision-Making During a Caesarean Delivery in Sidama Region Public Hospitals, Sidama, South Ethiopia 2022 (n=435)

Variables	Categories	Involved in Decision-Making			COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI	P-value
		Not Involved (N=185)	Neutral (N=85)	Involved (N=165)
Age	<20	37	16	28	0.63(0.34,1.2)	1.7(0.8,3.8)	0.192
	20–30	127	58	105	0.67(0.4,1.1)	1.5(0.8,3.0)	0.207
	>30	25	7	32	1	1
Educational status	Non-formal education	42	21	31	0.69(0.43,1.1)	0.6(0.3,1.5)	0.128
	Can read and write	30	14	29	0.85(0.5,1.4)	0.53(0.3,1.0)	0.075
	Primary school	55	16	32	0.54(0.34,0.86)	0.53(0.3,0.97)	0.039*
	Secondary and above	62	30	73	1	1
Watch/listen to mass-media	Yes	46	20	111	3.5(2.4.5.1)	1.5(0.9, 2.6)	0. 136
	No	143	61	54	1	1
ANC follow-up	Yes	159	68	151	1.7(1.0,2.9)	0.8(0.4,1.6)	0. 475
	No	30	13	14	1	1
Type of this (current) caesarean delivery	Scheduled	9	8	61	20.7(10.9,43)	7.6(3.3,17.8)	0.000*
	Unscheduled	185	76	96	1	1
Language of informed consent	Yes	33	23	127	4.7(3.2,6.9)	1.9(1.2, 3.1)	0.011*
	No	156	58	38	1
Women who felt that they had adequate information about a CD	Yes	22	17	232	16.0(10.0,26)	5.7(3.3, 10.0)	0.000*
	No	167	64	33	1	1
Women who felt that they had adequate time to decide to have a CD	Yes	27	29	128	9.8(6.5,14.9)	4.6(2.8, 7.6)	0.000*
	No	162	52	37	1	1
Women’s-healthcare providers relationship	Good	41	32	108	12.0(7.8, 18.4)	5.2(3.2, 8.6)	0.000*
	Poor	148	49	57	1	1

Notes: *Statistically significant at P-value<0.05, 95% CI, 1=Reference group. Test of Parallel Lines (p-value=0.299), Goodness-of-fit of overall model: Pearson (p value=0.109) and deviance (p-value=1.000), Nagelkerke’s (p-vale=0.628).

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.