Effect of fat mass and lean mass on bone mineral density in postmenopausal and perimenopausal Thai women

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and anthropometric variables of the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

Characteristics	Postmenopausal women (n = 1,448)	Perimenopausal women (n =131)	P-value
Age (years)	63.1 ± 9.5	49.2 ± 4.4	<0.001
Height (cm)	150.7 ± 6.0	153.6 ± 5.0	<0.001
Weight (kg)	54.2 ± 9.3	54.3 ± 7.5	0.844
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	23.8 ± 3.8	23.0 ± 2.8	0.003
Age at menopause (years)	48.7 ± 4.4	–	–
Menopausal duration (years)	14.3 ± 9.8	–	–
TB BMD (g/cm^2)	1.031 ± 0.106	1.136 ± 0.100	<0.001
LS BMD (g/cm^2)	0.812 ± 0.146	0.940 ± 0.134	<0.001
TF BMD (g/cm^2)	0.727 ± 0.130	0.833 ± 0.110	<0.001
FN BMD (g/cm^2)	0.612 ± 0.117	0.719 ± 0.104	<0.001
FM (kg)	20.4 ± 5.6	19.8 ± 4.5	0.130
LM (kg)	34.2 ±4.6	34.9 ± 4.0	0.072
PBF (%)	36.8 ± 5.1	35.8 ± 3.8	0.007

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; TB, total body; LS, lumbar spine; TF, total femur; FN, femoral neck; FM, fat mass; LM, lean mass; PBF, percentage body fat.

Table 2 Correlations between subject characteristics, body composition and BMD measurements

Parameters	FM (kg)	LM (kg)	PBF (%)
Age (years)	−0.12*	−0.28*	−0.002
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(0.952)
	0.234*	0.093	0.23*
	(0.007)	(0.289)	(0.009)
Height (cm)	0.25*	0.54*	0.01
	(0.001)	(<0.001)	(0.726)
	0.29*	0.89*	0.037
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(0.677)
Weight (kg)	0.92*	0.89*	0.63*
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)
	0.92*	0.54*	0.57*
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.88*	0.70*	0.70*
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)
	0.86*	0.71*	0.62*
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)
Age at menopause (years)	0.07*	0.04	0.07*
	(0.007)	(0.099)	(0.009)
	–	–	–
Menopause duration (years)	−0.14*	−0.29*	−0.03
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(0.216)
	–	–	–
TB BMD (g/cm^2)	0.18*	0.40*	0.10
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(0.705)
	0.17	0.34*	0.02
	(0.059)	(<0.001)	(0.861)
LS BMD (g/cm^2)	0.38*	0.47*	0.215*
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)
	0.205*	0.348*	0.07
	(0.019)	(<0.001)	(0.435)
TF BMD (g/cm^2)	0.42*	0.55*	0.22*
	(<0.001)	(<0.001)	(<0.001)
	0.27*	0.51*	0.03
	(0.002)	(<0.001)	(0.754)
FN BMD (g/cm^2)	0.40*	0.53*	0.21*
	(<0.001)	(0.001)	(<0.001)
	0.26*	0.47*	0.04
	(0.003)	(<0.001)	(0.674)

Notes: Numbers represent Pearson’s correlation coefficients (P-value). The values of the 1st and the 3rd row represent coefficients of postmenopausal and perimenopusal groups respectively.

* P-value < 0.05 (two-tailed).

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; TB, total body; LS, lumbar spine; TF, total femur; FN, femoral neck; FM, fat mass; LM, lean mass; PBF, percentage body fat.

Table 3 The independent contribution of each individual variable to BMD at different skeletal sites by univariable linear regression analyses

Skeletal sites	TB BMD		LS BMD		TF BMD		FN BMD
	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value
Postmenopausal women
Age	−0.00510*	<0.001	−0.00473*	<0.001	−0.00702*	<0.001	−0.00628*	<0.001
Height	0.00672*	<0.001	0.00756*	<0.001	0.00878*	<0.001	0.00822*	<0.001
Menopause duration	−0.00479*	<0.001	−0.00463*	<0.001	−0.00647*	<0.001	−0.00586*	<0.001
FM	0.00345*	<0.001	0.00982*	<0.001	0.00965*	<0.001	0.00846*	<0.001
LM	0.00912*	<0.001	0.01486*	<0.001	0.01542*	<0.001	0.01359*	<0.001
Perimenopausal women
Age	−0.00142	0.472	−0.00130	0.626	0.00958	0.661	−0.00045	0.826
Height	0.00550*	0.001	0.00924*	<0.001	0.00713*	<0.001	0.00866*	<0.001
FM	0.00369	0.059	0.00614*	0.019	0.00668*	0.002	0.00595*	0.003
LM	0.00849*	<0.001	0.01171*	<0.001	0.01400*	<0.001	0.01233*	<0.001

Note:

* P-value < 0.05.

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; TB, total body; LS, lumbar spine; TF, total femur; FN, femoral neck; FM, fat mass; LM, lean mass.

Table 4 Multivariable linear regression analyses of BMD at different skeletal sites against the body composition variables

Skeletal sites	TB BMD		LS BMD		TF BMD		FN BMD
	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value
Postmenopausal women*
Model 1: BMD = f (FM)
FM	0.00153	0.001	0.00813	<0.001	0.00747	<0.001	0.00640	<0.001
Model 2: BMD = f (LM)
LM	0.00565	<0.001	0.01299	<0.001	0.01228	<0.001	0.01034	<0.001
Model 3: BMD = f (FM, LM)
FM	−0.00219	0.002	0.00343	<0.001	0.00285	<0.001	0.00261	<0.001
LM	0.00772	<0.001	0.00974	<0.001	0.00956	<0.001	0.00787	<0.001
Perimenopausal women**
Model 1: BMD = f (FM)
FM	0.00209	0.249	0.00345	0.266	0.00478	0.014	0.00345	0.062
Model 2: BMD = f (LM)
LM	0.00671	0.003	0.00772	0.076	0.01290	<0.001	0.00913	<0.001
Model 3: BMD = f (FM, LM)
FM	−0.00197	0.566	−0.00053	0.915	−0.00250	0.317	−0.00166	0.512
LM	0.00828	0.047	0.00814	0.216	0.01489	<0.001	0.01045	0.002

Notes:

* Models were adjusted for age, height, and menopause duration in postmenopausal women;

** models were adjusted for age, height in perimenopausal women.

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; TB, total body; LS, lumbar spine; TF, total femur; FN, femoral neck; FM, fat mass; LM, lean mass.