Current Situation and Mental Health of Pregnant Women During the Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Investigation of Influencing Factors

Figures & data

Table 1 Univariate Analysis of Anxiety, Insomnia, and Stress Disorder in Pregnant Women (n = 435)

Item		Anxiety			Insomnia			Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
		Score (Score, ‘X ± S)	Statistical value	P-value	Score (Score, ‘X ± S)	Statistical value	P-value	Score (Score, ‘X ± S)	Statistical value	P-value
Age group [name (percent, %)]	-	-	0.918^a	0.400	-	2.528^a	0.081	-	2.808^a	0.061
<30 years old	167 (38.4)	12.47 ± 4.12	-	-	13.33 ± 4.74	-	-	42.52 ± 17.12	-	-
30–34 years old	197 (45.3)	12.15 ± 3.82	-	-	13.77 ± 4.58	-	-	42.87 ± 15.60	-	-
≥35 years old	71 (16.3)	12.90 ± 4.85	-	-	14.90 ± 6.20	-	-	47.83 ± 18.67	-	-
Educational level [name (percent, %)]	-	-	0.309^a	0.819	-	1.569^a	0.196		0.513^a	0.674
Junior high school and below	30 (6.9)	12.43 ± 4.14	-	-	12.20 ± 4.88	-	-	42.27 ± 19.07	-	-
High school or technical secondary school	53 (12.2)	12.89 ± 4.56	-	-	14.58 ± 5.90	-	-	43.91 ± 18.01	-	-
Junior college	95 (21.8)	12.39 ± 4.54	-	-	14.01 ± 5.43	-	-	41.89 ± 16.85	-	-
Bachelor degree or higher	257 (59.1)	12.29 ± 3.87	-	-	13.72 ± 4.53	-	-	44.23 ± 16.27	-	-
Working situation [name (percent, %)]	-	-	4.926^a	0.008	-	1.444^a	0.237	-	2.072^a	0.127
unemployed	101 (23.2)	13.50 ± 5.16	-	-	14.46 ± 6.19	-	-	46.08 ± 19.32	-	-
Keep working	249 (57.2)	11.99 ± 3.59	-	-	13.47 ± 4.39	-	-	42.21 ± 15.89	-	-
Working when not pregnant	85 (19.5)	12.26 ± 4.00	-	-	13.91 ± 4.83	-	-	44.45 ± 15.89	-	-
Household income [name (%,)]	-	-	3.451^a	0.017	-	0.834^a	0.476	-	1.152^a	0.328
<4000 CNY	69 (15.9)	12.86 ± 5.24	-	-	14.26 ± 6.17	-	-	44.04 ± 20.87	-	-
4000–8000 CNY	196 (45.1)	12.90 ± 4.12	-	-	14.00 ± 4.86	-	-	44.92 ± 16.37	-	-
8000–12,000 CNY	107 (24.6)	11.75 ± 3.66	-	-	13.47 ± 4.80	-	-	42.11 ± 16.50	-	-
>12,000 CNY	63 (14.5)	11.40 ± 3.11	-	-	13.14 ± 3.91	-	-	41.14 ± 13.11	-	-
Source of COVID-19 knowledge [name (percent, %)]	-	-	0.623^a	0.600	-	0.124^a	0.946	-	0.978^a	0.403
Freelance work	44 (10.1)	11.66 ± 3.87	-	-	13.52 ± 5.18	-	-	40.91 ± 17.18	-	-
Medical personnel	121 (27.8)	12.33 ± 3.70	-	-	13.98 ± 5.02	-	-	44.91 ± 16.63	-	-
Social media	258 (59.3)	12.56 ± 4.33	-	-	13.76 ± 4.93	-	-	43.59 ± 16.97	-	-
Relatives and friends	12 (2.8)	12.17 ± 4.49	-	-	13.42 ± 4.32	-	-	38.58 ± 12.02	-	-

Notes: a is F value, b is T value, P < 0.05.

Table 2 Univariate Analysis of Anxiety, Insomnia, and Stress Disorder in Pregnant Women (n = 435)

Item		Anxiety			Insomnia			Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
		Score (Score, ‘X ± S)	Statistical value	P-value	Score (Score, ‘X ± S)	Statistical value	P-value	Score (Score, ‘X ± S)	Statistical value	P-value
Pregnancy stage [name (percent, %)]		-	0.291^a	0.748	-	3.557^a	0.029	-	2.869^a	0.058
Early pregnancy (≤12 weeks)	59 (13.6)	12.20 ± 3.72	-	-	12.80 ± 4.45	-	-	40.95 ± 16.46	-	-
Second trimester (12–28 weeks)	195 (44.8)	12.29 ± 4.06	-	-	13.43 ± 4.99	-	-	42.27 ± 17.02	-	-
Late pregnancy (≥28 weeks)	181 (41.6)	12.57 ± 4.31	-	-	14.49 ± 5.00	-	-	45.76 ± 16.47	-	-
Pregnancy history [name (percent, %)]		-	−0.995^b	0.320	-	−2.071^b	0.039		−1.417^b	0.157
Once	238 (54.7)	12.21 ± 3.96	-	-	13.34 ± 4.58	-	-	42.51 ± 16.66	-	-
Two or more times	197 (45.3)	12.61 ± 4.31	-	-	14.32 ± 5.36	-	-	44.80 ± 16.90	-	-
Number of births [name (percent, %)]		-	−0.269^b	0.788		−1.034^b	−0.302		−0.766^b	0.444
Primipara	280 (64.4)	12.35 ± 4.02	-	-	13.60 ± 4.58	-	-	43.09 ± 16.35	-	-
Multipara	155 (35.6)	12.46 ± 4.30	-	-	14.12 ± 5.56	-	-	44.37 ± 17.59	-	-
Adverse pregnancy [name (%, %)]		-	2.821^b	0.005		2.757^b	0.006		3.459^b	0.001
No	89 (20.5)	13.48 ± 4.38	-	-	15.07 ± 5.42	-	-	48.97 ± 16.80	-	-
Yes	346 (79.5)	12.11 ± 4.01	-	-	13.46 ± 4.78	-	-	42.15 ± 16.52	-	-
Complications of pregnancy[(percent,%)]		-	3.177^b	0.004		2.718^b	0.011		2.291^b	0.029
Yes	28 (6.4)	15.71 ± 5.82	-	-	17.07 ± 6.72	-	-	52.57 ± 21.87	-	-
No	407 (93.6)	12.16 ± 3.88	-	-	13.57 ± 4.74	-	-	42.92 ± 16.23	-	-
Contact return from infected area [name (percent, %)]		-	2.642^b	0.009	-	2.103^b	0.036	-	1.610^b	0.182
Yes	5 (1.1)	17.20 ± 5.54	-	-	18.40 ± 7.83	-	-	63.40 ± 27.84	-	-
No	430 (98.9)	12.34 ± 4.08	-	-	13.73 ± 4.90	-	-	43.31 ± 16.53	-	-
Current prevention and control status [Name (percent, %)]		-	3.175^a	0.024	-	3.492^a	0.016	-	1.287^a	0.278
Very high	5 (1.1)	15.60 ± 5.32	-	-	16.40 ± 9.45	-	-	48.60 ± 46.26	-	-
High	69 (15.9)	13.04 ± 4.10	-	-	15.09 ± 5.35	-	-	46.26 ± 16.87	-	-
Medium	45 (10.3)	13.38 ± 4.23	-	-	14.69 ± 4.15	-	-	45.47 ± 16.03	-	-
Low risk	316 (72.6)	12.06 ± 4.05	-	-	13.33 ± 4.83	-	-	42.60 ± 16.64	-	-

Notes: a is F value, b is T value, P < 0.05.

Table 3 Multi-Factor Analysis of Anxiety in Pregnant Women

Independent Variable	GAD-7
	Regression Coefficient	Standard Error	Normalized Regression Coefficient	T value	P-value
(constant)	4.462	1.396	-	3.196	0.00
Complications of pregnancy	3.150	0.787	0.188	4.003	0.00
Household income	−0.667	0.207	−0.149	−3.218	0.001
Currently prevention and control status	0.615	0.240	0.119	2.565	0.011
History of adverse pregnancy	−0.964	0.477	−0.095	−2.021	0.044

Notes: GAD-7 is a generalized anxiety scale, R² = 0.088, F = 10.40, P < 0.001.

Table 4 Multivariate Analysis of Insomnia in Pregnant Women

Independent Variable	ISI
	Regression Coefficient	Standard Error	Normalized Regression Coefficient	T value	P-value
(constant)	3.310	1.715	-	1.930	0.054
Complications of pregnancy	2.658	0.958	0.132	2.774	0.006
Current prevention and control status	0.826	0.290	0.133	2.848	0.005
Gestation stage	0.864	0.337	0.120	2.568	0.011
History of adverse pregnancy	−1.406	0.580	−0.115	−2.425	0.016

Notes: ISI is the insomnia index scale, R² = 0.073, F = 8.494, P < 0.001.

Table 5 Multi-Factor Analysis of Stress in Pregnant Women

Independent Variable	IES-R
	Regression Coefficient	Standard Error	Normalized Regression Coefficient	T value	P-value
(constant)	6.066	8.666	-	0.700	0.484
History of adverse pregnancy	−7.222	1.947	−0.174	−3.709	0.00
Contacts returned from infected areas	21.014	7.355	0.134	2.857	0.004
Gestation stage	3.152	1.143	0.129	2.758	0.006

Notes: IES-R is the revised Event Impact Scale, R² = 0.060, F = 9.143, P < 0.001.