Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease- 2019 Among Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia; a Retrospective Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy in the Period Between March 2020 and March 2022 Included in the Study (n=33)

Characteristics	N	%
Maternal age	2.6667^M	0.64550^SD
Age group
Less than 20 years	1	3.0
20–29	11	33.3
30–39	19	57.6
40 years and over	2	6.1
Gestational Weeks Assessment
1–13 weeks	1	3.0
14–26 weeks	4	12.1
27–40 weeks	28	84.8
BMI
Underweight	1	3.0
Normal	19	57.6
Overweight	7	21.2
Obese	3	9.1
Morbid obesity	3	9.1
Temperature
Low	4	12.1
Normal	24	72.7
High	2	6.1
Heart Rate (HR)
Normal	18	54.5
High	11	33.3
Respiratory Rate (RR)
Normal	1	3.0
High	24	72.7
BP
Low	14	42.4
Normal	12	36.4
High	5	15.2

Abbreviations: N, Number; (%), Percentage; BMI, Body mass index; BP, Blood Pressure; M, mean; SD, Standard Deviation.

Figure 1 Comorbidities of pregnant women admitted between March 2020 and March 2022, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Table 2 The Diagnostic Tests and Supportive Care That are Provided to the Pregnant Women, Included in the Study (n=33)

Item	N	%
Coronavirus Test
Positive	33	100.0
Chest X-ray/CT Performed
Yes	14	42.4
No	19	57.6
If yes: Infiltrates Present
Yes	8	24.2
No	6	18.2
ICU
Yes	14	42.4
No	18	54.5
Unknown	1	3.0
Oxygen Therapy
Yes	14	42.4
No	16	48.5
Unknown	3	9.1
Non-invasive Ventilation
Yes	2	6.1
No	11	33.3
Unknown	19	57.6
Invasive Ventilation
Yes	2	6.1
No	11	33.3
Unknown	20	60.6

Abbreviations: N, Number; (%), Percentage; ICU, Intensive Care Unit.

Figure 2 Pregnancy status, obstetric signs, and other symptoms upon admission of pregnant woman, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Figure 3 The Clinical Features of COVID-19 infected pregnant women included in the study, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Figure 4 Pregnancy related complications of COVID-19 infected pregnant women included in the study, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Table 3 Mode of Delivery, Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy in the Period Between March 2020 and March 2022 Included in the Study

Item	N	%
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	14	42.4
Cesarean	7	21.2
Onset of labor
Spontaneous	6	18.2
Induced	3	9.1
The cesarean section before labor	7	21.2
Unknown	5	15.2
Pregnancy outcome
Undelivered	12	36.4
Spontaneous abortion	2	6.1
Live birth	18	54.5
Unknown	1	3.0
Maternal Outcome
Discharged alive	31	93.9
Maternal death	2	6.1
The underlying cause of maternal death
Indirect maternal death	1	3.0
Death from a coincidental cause	1	3.0
Neonatal outcome
Discharged healthy	18	54.5
Death	2	6.1
Unknown	1	3.0

Abbreviations: N, Number; (%), Percentage.

Table 4 The Regression Analysis of Demographic Factors and Supportive Care of Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy in the Period Between March 2020 and March 2022 Included in the Study

Dependent Variable: ICU
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
	B	Std. Error	Beta
Maternal age	−0.142	0.149	−0.165	−0.950	0.350
Time of infection	0.148	0.211	0.124	0.703	0.488
BMI	−0.148	0.095	−0.273	−1.548	0.132
Dependent Variable: Oxygen Therapy
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.339	0.175	−0.339	−1.942	0.062
Time of infection	0.081	0.247	0.058	0.328	0.745
BMI	−0.032	0.112	−0.050	−0.283	0.779
Dependent Variable: Non-invasive ventilation
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.129	0.162	−0.136	−0.799	0.431
Time of infection	0.562	0.240	0.405	2.346	0.026
BMI	−0.023	0.103	−0.038	−0.221	0.827
Dependent Variable: Invasive ventilation
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.113	0.166	−0.118	−0.682	0.501
Time of infection	0.446	0.234	0.336	1.905	0.067
BMI	−0.024	0.106	−0.040	−0.227	0.822

Abbreviations: ICU, Intensive Care Unit; BMI, Body mass index.

Table 5 Regression Analysis of Demographic Factors and Clinical Characteristics of Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy in the Period Between March 2020 and March 2022 Included in the Study

Dependent Variable: Cough
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
	B	Std. Error	Beta
Maternal age	−0.114	0.138	−0.142	−0.825	0.416
Time of infection	−0.311	0.195	−0.279	−1.590	0.123
BMI	0.104	0.088	0.207	1.181	0.247
Dependent Variable: Shortness of breath
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.179	0.139	−0.224	−1.293	0.206
Time of infection	−0.361	0.196	−0.325	−1.843	0.076
BMI	0.014	0.089	0.028	0.161	0.873
Dependent Variable: Fever
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.199	0.136	−0.259	−1.466	0.153
Time of infection	−0.198	0.192	−0.186	−1.033	0.310
BMI	0.061	0.087	0.125	0.698	0.491

Abbreviation: BMI; Body mass index.

Table 6 The Regression Analysis of Demographic Factors and the Mode of Delivery, Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnant Women with SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy in the Period Between March 2020 and March 2022 Included in the Study

Dependent Variable: Mode of delivery
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients	Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
	B	Std. Error	Beta
Maternal age	0.122	0.125	0.185	0.980	0.341
Time of infection	0.537	0.236	0.486	2.278	0.036
BMI	0.290	0.094	0.655	3.082	0.007
Dependent Variable: Pregnancy outcome
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	0.263	0.769	0.058	0.342	0.735
Time of infection	2.969	1.103	0.472	2.692	0.012
BMI	0.415	0.545	0.133	0.761	0.453
Dependent Variable: Maternal death
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.048	0.067	−0.128	−0.713	0.481
Time of infection	−0.086	0.095	−0.164	−0.901	0.375
BMI	−0.057	0.043	−0.239	−1.315	0.199
Dependent Variable: Neonatal outcome
Mode	B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
Maternal age	−0.160	0.344	−0.096	−0.464	0.649
Time of infection	−1.066	0.650	−0.385	−1.639	0.120
BMI	0.245	0.260	0.221	0.942	0.359

Abbreviation: BMI, Body mass index.