Pregnant Women’s Dyadic Coping and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Utilizing Latent Profile Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Description of Demographic Data(N=376)

Variables		N	%
Age(years)	18–25	40	10.6
	26–30	170	45.2
	31–35	12	32.18
	36–40	43	11.5
	>40	2	0.5
Education level	Junior middle school or low	19	5.1
	High school	39	10.3
	College degree	132	35.1
	Bachelor’s degree	167	44.4
	Master’s degree or higher	19	5.1
Employment status	Enterprise unit	105	27.9
	Public Institution	62	16.5
	Self-employed person	41	10.9
	Service Industries	41	10.9
	Farmer or unemployed	33	8.8
	Others	94	25.0
Monthly per capita family income(CNY)	≤3000	11	2.9
	3001–5000	78	20.7
	5001–10,000	128	34.1
	>10,000	159	42.3
Current residence	Urban	336	89.4
	Rural	40	10.6
Pregnancy status	Primipara	278	73.9
	Multipara	98	26.1
Whether pregnancy is planned or not	Yes	289	76.9
	No	87	23.1
Gestation week	Early pregnancy	135	35.9
	Mid-pregnancy	99	26.4
	Late pregnancy	142	37.8
Presence of pregnancy comorbidities	Yes	52	13.8
	No	324	86.2
Marital status	First marriage	340	90.4
	Remarriage	26	6.9
	Others	10	2.7
Marrying age(Years)	≤ 5	281	74.7
	6–10	64	17.0
	>10	31 (	8.3
Harmony in marriage	Yes	375	99.7
	No	1	0.3

Table 2 Characteristics of Studies on Potential Profiles of Dyadic Coping in Pregnant Women During Pregnancy (N = 376)

Model	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entroy	MLR	BLMR	Category Probability (%)
1	5350.202	5389.498	5357.771
2	4929.758	4987.631	4936.867	0.754	0.016	<0.001	0.615/0.385
3	4659.213	4745.664	4675.864	0.870	0.043	<0.001	0.213/0.676/0.1112
4	4532.117	4642.145	4553.308	0.836	0.143	<0.001	0.082/0.473/0.364/0.08
5	4475.596	4609.202	4501.329	0.828	0.019	<0.001	0.032/0.168/0.458/0.077/0.266

Abbreviations: AIC, the Akaike Information Criterion; BIC, the Bayesian Information Criterion; aBIC, the Adjusted Bayesian Information Criterion; LMR, The Lomondale-Ruben corrected likelihood ratio test; BLRT, the Bootstrap-based likelihood ratio test.

Table 3 Average Attribution Probability of Individuals Across Various Potential Categories (%)

Category	Attribution Probability (%)
	C1	C2	C3
C1	0.910	0.090	0.000
C2	0.037	0.950	0.013
C3	0.000	0.045	0.955

Notes: C1: Low coping group, C2: General coping group, C3: High coping group.

Table 4 Demographic and Characteristics by Latent Profile (N=376)

Variables		C1 (n=80)	C2 (n=254)	C3 (n=42)	X^2	P-value
Age(years)	18–25	6 (7.5)	28 (11.0)	6 (14.3)	0.848	0.357
	26–30	35 (43.7)	115 (45.3)	20 (47.7)
	31–35	29 (36.3)	84 (33.1)	8 (19.0)
	36–40	9 (11.3)	26 (10.2)	8 (19.0)
	>40	1 (1.3)	1 (0.4)	0 (0)
Education level	Junior middle school or low	5 (6.2)	13(5.2)	1 (2.4)	10.326	0.243
	High school	9 (11.3)	26 (10.2)	4 (9.5)
	College degree	34 (42.5)	84 (33.1)	14 (33.3)
	Bachelor’s degree	30 (37.5)	120 (47.2)	17 (40.5)
	Master’s degree or higher	2 (2.5)	11 (4.3)	6 (14.3)
Employment status	Enterprise unit	23 (28.7)	71 (27.0)	11 (26.1)	7.479	0.680
	Public Institution	11 (13.8)	44 (17.3)	7 (16.7)
	Self-employed person	8 (10.0)	26 (10.2)	7 (16.7)
	Service Industries	7 (8.7)	29 (11.4)	5 (11.9)
	Farmer or unemployed	9 (11.3)	18 (7.1)	6 (14.3)
	Others	22 (27.5)	66 (26.0)	6 (14.3)
Monthly per capita family income(CNY)	≤3000	3 (3.8)	4 (1.6)	4 (9.5)	48.097	0.001
	3001–5000	24 (30.0)	47 (18.5)	7 (16.7)
	5001–10,000	35 (43.7)	82 (32.3)	11 (26.2)
	>10,000	18 (22.5)	121 (47.6)	20 (47.6)
Current residence	Urban	67 (83.7)	233 (91.7)	36 (85.7)	3.670	0.160
	Rural	13 (16.3)	21 (8.3)	6 (14.3)
Pregnancy status	Primipara	50 (62.5)	194 (76.4)	34 (81.0)	7.288	0.026
	Multipara	30 (37.5)	60 (23.6)	8 (19.0)
Whether pregnancy is planned or not	Yes	64 (80.0)	195 (76.7)	30 (71.4)	1.123	0.570
	No	16 (20.0)	59 (23.3)	12 (28.6)
Gestation week	Early pregnancy	42 (52.5)	82 (32.3)	11 (26.2)	14.718	0.005
	Mid-pregnancy	20 (25.0)	67 (26.4)	12 (28.6)
	Late pregnancy	18 (22.5)	105 (41.3)	19 (45.2)
Presence of pregnancy comorbidities	Yes	12 (15.0)	36 (14.2)	4 (9.5)	0.836	0.658
	No	68 (85.0)	218 (85.8)	38 (90.5)
Marital status	First marriage	74 (92.5)	231 (90.9)	35 (83.3)	2.674	0.614
	Remarriage	4 (5.0)	17 (6.7)	5 (11.9)
	Others	2 (2.5)	6 (2.4)	2(4.8)
Marrying age(Years)	≤ 5	54 (67.5)	201 (79.1)	26 (62.0)	11.230	0.024
	6–10	17 (21.3)	39 (15.4)	8 (19.0)
	>10	9 (11.2)	14 (5.5)	8 (19.0)
Harmony in marriage	Yes	79 (98.8)	254 (100)	42 (100)	2.571	0.109
	No	1 (1.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Notes: C1: Low coping group, C2: General coping group, C3: High coping group.

Table 5 Multifactor Analysis of Potential Categories of Binary Coping in Pregnant Women During Pregnancy

Influencing Factor	C2				C3
	β	P	OR	95% CI	β	P	OR	95% CI
Monthly per capita family income(CNY)
≤3000	−2.157	0.012	0.116	0.021~0.624	−0.139	0.886	0.870	0.129~5.848
3001~5000	−1.422	0.000	0.241	0.110~0.530	−1.165	0.060	0.312	0.093~1.049
5001~10,000	−1.078	0.003	0.340	0.168~0.689	−1.156	0.033	0.315	0.109~0.908
Marital status
First marriage	0.548	0.131	1.730	0.850~3.522	1.703	0.005	5.489	1.664~18.108
Gestation period
Early pregnancy	−1.227	0.001	0.293	0.147~0.587	−1.669	0.002	0.188	0.065~0.544
Mid-pregnancy	−0.677	0.087	0.508	0.234~1.102	−0.726	0.190	0.484	0.163~1.432
Marrying age(Years)
1~5	0.957	0.086	2.605	0.873~7.774	−1.394	0.071	0.248	0.055~1.125
6~10	0.290	0.618	1.337	0.427~4.181	−1.233	0.125	0.291	0.060~1.106
FACES II-CV	0.051	0.000	1.052	1.031~1.074	0.101	0.000	1.106	1.073~1.141

Notes: FACES II-CV is the Chinese version of the Family Intimacy and Adaptability Scale (FIAS). The per capita monthly income of the family is used as the reference, with a threshold of >10,000 CNY. Pregnancy status is categorized with menstruating mothers as the reference group, and the cycle of pregnancy is categorized with the late stage of pregnancy as the reference.C2: General coping group, C3: High coping group.

Abbreviation: OR: odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 1 Characteristics of the three potential categories of dyadic coping in pregnant women during pregnancy.

Data Sharing Statement

Data will be available from the corresponding author upon request.