Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: The Impact of Menopause Duration on Risk Factors and Components

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Descriptive Statistics and Anthropometric Measurements of the Groups

Variables	Group 1 (n = 438) (1 - ≤ 5 years)		Group 2 (n= 267) (6–10 years)		Total		p-value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (y)	52.04	4.74	53.44	4.82	52.57	4.81	0.067
BMI (kg/m^2)	29.6	5.2	30.4	5.14	29.6	5.8	0.071
Menopause Duration (y)	3.2	1.3	7.6	1.71	5	2.6	<0.001*
WC (cm)	94.0	13.8	100.3	13.5	96.4	14.0	<0.001*
HC (cm)	108.0	10.8	109.7	11.3	108.6	11.0	0.041*
WHR	0.86	0.07	0.91	0.08	0.9	0.1	<0.001*
NC (cm)	35.4	2.9	35.9	2.7	35.6	2.8	0.016*
WHtR	0.60	0.09	0.65	0.09	0.62	0.09	<0.001*
BFP (%)	36.3	6.6	39.0	6.4	37.3	6.7	<0.001*
BWP (%)	44.7	4.3	42.9	4.7	44.0	4.5	<0.001*
LBM (kg)	42.5	5.5	42.7	5.7	42.5	5.6	0.662
AF (kg)	8.0	3.2	10.5	3.4	8.9	3.5	<0.001*
SBP (mmHg)	121.0	17.5	125.9	16.0	122.8	17.1	<0.001*
DBP (mmHg)	74.7	12.9	76.8	11.7	75.5	12.5	0.037*
FBG (mg/dL)	99	29.9	104.7	35.4	101.1	32.2	0.022*
TG (mg/dL)	131.4	57.2	139.7	63.4	134.6	59.7	0.001*
HDL-C (mg/dL)	53.3	13.0	53.0	12.7	53.2	12.9	0.762
LDL-C (mg/dL)	114.9	32.4	121.2	32.6	117.3	32.6	0.015*
TC (mg/dL)	193.7	41.2	201.5	41.0	196.7	41.3	0.015*
CI	1.61	0.13	1.66	0.14	1.63	0.13	<0.001*
VAI	2.25	1.40	2.52	1.78	2.35	1.56	0.029*

Note: *p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Abbreviations: AF, Abdominal Fat; BFP, Body Fat Percentage; BMI, Body Mass Index; BWP, Body Water Percentage; CI, Conicity Index; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; FBG, Fasting Blood Glucose; HC, Hip Circumference; HDL-C, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LBM, Lean Body Mass; LDL-C, Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; NC, Neck Circumference; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglycerides; VAI, Visceral Adiposity Index; WC, Waist Circumference; WHtR, Waist-to-Height Ratio; WHR, Waist-to-Hip Ratio.

Table 2 Prevalence of Metabolic Abnormalities and MetS Among Groups

Variables	Group 1 (1 - ≤ 5 years) (n=438)		Group 2 (6–10 years) (n=267)		p-value
	n	%	n	%
WHtR (≥0.50)	377	87.1	254	96.6	<0.001*
FBG (≥100 mg/dL)	136	31.4	118	44.9	<0.001*
WC (≥80 cm)	377	87.1	248	94.3	0.002*
Elevated blood pressure (SBP ≥130 and/or DBP ≥85 mmHg)	152	35.1	128	48.7	0.001*
TG (≥150 mg/dL)	127	29.3	105	39.9	0.062
HDL-C (<50 mg/dL)	181	41.8	114	43.3	0.689
MetS	87	38.8	137	52.1	0.001*

Notes: *p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; FBG, Fasting Blood Glucose; HDL-C, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Diastolic Blood Pressure; TG, Triglycerides; WC, Waist Circumference; WHtR: Waist-to-Height Ratio.

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of the Variables for MetS

Metabolic Variables (n=705)	OR (95% CI)		P-value	OR (95% CI)		P-value
WHtR	51.146	(9.534–274.382)	<0.001*	1.494	(0.095–23.539)	0.775
VAI	70.66	(1.695–2.336)	<0.001*	2.073	(1.732–2.481)	<0.001*
WHR	90.68	(12.247–67.445)	<0.001*	0.433	(0.10–19.595)	0.667
C-index	19.96	(5.642–70.61)	<0.001*	1.473	(0.120–18.157)	0.762
Menopause Duration (y)	1.264	(1.186–1.347)	<0.001*	0.961	(0.854–1.082)	0.515
Menopause 1-≤ 5 years (n= 438) 6–10 years (n=267)	4.813	(3.432–6.748)	<0.001*	6.444	(3.336–12.450)	<0.001*

Note: *p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CI, Conicity Index; VAI, Visceral Adiposity Index; WHR, Waist-to-Hip Ratio; WHtR: Waist-to-Height Ratio.

Figure 1 Flow Chart of the Study.

Figure 2 ROC analysis of C-index, Menopause Duration, VAI, WHR and WHtR for predictability of MetS (AUC of C-index:0.612, cut off point: 1.632 sensitivity:60.6%, specificity:58.1%; AUC of VAI:0.755, cut off point:2.19, sensitivity:71.4%, specificity:70.3%, AUC of WHtR:0.607, cut off point:0.61, sensitivity:57.1%, specificity:56.8%, AUC of WHR:0.755, cut off point:0.89, sensitivity:58%, specificity:57.1%, AUC of Menopause Duration: 0.667, cut off point:5, sensitivity:68.8%, specificity:62.4%).