Epidemiology and treatment of osteoporosis in women: an Indian perspective

Figures & data

Table 1 Studies describing the prevalence of osteoporosis among Indian women

Sr no	Title of the study (year)	Study location	Subject details	Method of diagnosis	Prevalence of osteoporosis
1	Evaluation of BMD of women >40 years of age^Citation84 (2005)	Mumbai	200 women attending well women clinic, >40 years	BMD proximal femur and spine-DXA	34% osteopenia and 8% osteoporosis
2	Bone status of Indian women from a low-income group and its relationship to the nutritional status^Citation85 (2005)	Hyderabad	289 slum-dwelling women, 30–60 years	Hologic DXA at AP lumbar spine, hip, and total body	52% osteopenia and 29% osteoporosis
3	Preliminary screening of osteoporosis and osteopenia in urban women from Jammu using calcaneal QUS^Citation86 (2006)	Jammu	158 women, 25–65 years	Calcaneal QUS	36.79% osteopenia and 20.25% osteoporosis
4	Prevalence of osteoporosis among elderly women living in Delhi and rural Haryana^Citation87 (2007)	Delhi and rural Haryana	430 women, 60–80 years (125 rural Haryana, 250 affluent urban area Delhi, and 55 LSC Delhi)	Hologic DXA at hip and lumbar spine	29% osteopenia and 62% osteoporosis
5	Osteoporosis and osteopenia in India: a few more observations^Citation32 (2009)	Kerala	609 persons (52±12.8 years) 538 women	QUS distal radius	221 or 41.1% osteopenic women; 237 or 44.1% osteoporotic women
6	Bone mineral density in women above 40 years^Citation31 (2010)	Pune	105 women (50.46±7.60 years, age range 40–72 years)	DXA lunar vertebral measurements lumbar spine	31.4% osteopenia and 14.3% osteoporosis
7	Low bone mass in urban Indian women above 40 years of age: prevalence and risk factors^Citation8 (2010)	Pune	172 (80 pre- and 92 postmenopausal) healthy women (40–75 years) attending a routine health check at Jehangir hospital in Pune city	Lunar DPX-PRO DXA BMD lumbar spine (L2–L4) and dual femurs	Lumbar spine (L2–L4): Osteopenia: 48.4% postmenopausal and 44.3% premenopausal women Osteoporosis: 25.8% postmenopausal and 7.6% premenopausal women Femoral neck: Osteopenia: 62% postmenopausal and 45.6% premenopausal women Osteoporosis: 8.7% postmenopausal Total hip: Osteopenia: 45.3% postmenopausal and 26.7% premenopausal women Osteoporosis: 2.3% postmenopausal women
8	Prevalence and related risk factors of osteoporosis in peri- and postmenopausal Indian women^Citation47 (2011)	Chandigarh	200 peri- and postmenopausal women aged older than 45 years	Lunar DPX-PRO DXA BMD at lumbar spine	53% had low BMD (osteopenia or osteoporosis)
9	Bone health in healthy Indian population aged 50 years and above^Citation33 (2011)	Delhi	1,600 healthy subjects >50 years of age (792 males and 808 females) mean age of 57.67±9.46 years	DXA	44.9% osteopenia and 42.5% osteoporosis in women
10	Bone status of women over 40 years of age from two socioeconomic strata^Citation88 (2012)	Pune	58 and 54 (112) women (mean age 49.5±7.2 years) from USC and LSC, respectively	Lunar DPX-PRO DXA BMD at lumbar spine and total femur	Osteoporosis in the USC women: 12% lumbar spine and 0% at femur Osteoporosis in the LSC women: 33% at lumbar spine and 11% at femur
11	Cross sectional study of osteoporosis among women^Citation50 (2013)		158 women, older than 35 years of age (42.5±3.4 years; wives of staff)	Calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography	48.1%±7.79% osteopenia 13.3%±5.29% osteoporosis

Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; AP, anteroposterior; QUS, quantitative ultrasonography; LSC, lower socioeconomic class; USC, upper socioeconomic class.

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