Estimating the hypothetical dual health impact and cost-effectiveness of the Woman’s Condom in selected sub-Saharan African countries

Figures & data

Table 1 Estimated program costs per condom distributed

	Estimated program costs (2007 US$)	Estimated program costs adjusted to 2012 US$
Cameroon	$0.65	$0.72
Mozambique	$2.73	$3.03
South Africa	$1.14	$1.26
Tanzania	$1.26	$1.40
Zambia	$1.06	$1.18
Zimbabwe	$0.78	$0.87
Mean	$1.27	$1.41

Figure 1 Estimated health impact from distributing 100,000 Woman’s Condoms in each country.

Abbreviation: DALY, disability-adjusted life years.

Table 2 Estimated costs and cost per DALY averted for the low- and high-volume scenarios

	Low volume scenario: price of condom is $1.41		High volume scenario: price of condom is $0.80		2012 GDP per capita*,†
	Total costs (US$)	Cost per DALY averted for dual use (US$)	Total costs (US$)	Cost per DALY averted for dual use (US$)
Botswana	$281,913	$187	$220,913	$146	$7,255
Cameron	$212,625	$200	$151,625	$142	$1,220
Kenya	$281,913	$291	$220,913	$228	$933
Lesotho	$281,913	$184	$220,913	$145	$1,135
Malawi	$281,913	$180	$220,913	$141	$267
Mozambique	$444,145	$303	$383,145	$261	$570
Namibia	$281,913	$204	$220,913	$160	$5,931
South Africa	$267,367	$192	$206,367	$148	$7,314
Swaziland	$281,913	$150	$220,913	$118	$3,290
Tanzania	$280,638	$242	$219,638	$190	$609
Uganda	$281,913	$183	$220,913	$143	$551
Zambia	$258,733	$147	$197,733	$112	$1,463
Zimbabwe	$227,970	$146	$166,970	$107	$909

Note:

* GDP per capita used as the threshold for interpreting the cost effectiveness results using the WHO-CHOICE criteria. An intervention is considered as very cost effective if the cost per DALY averted is less than the GDP per capita; cost effective if the cost per DALY averted is between one and three times the GDP per capita; and not cost effective if the cost per DALY averted is greater than or equal to three times that GDP per capita.

† GDP per capita (current US$) data web page. World Bank website. Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD.

Abbreviation: DALY; disability-adjusted life years.

Table 3 Estimated health care system costs saved and cost per DALY averted

	Direct health care costs saved for pregnancy-related care (US$)	ART treatment lasts for 5 years			ART treatment lasts for 10 years
		ART costs saved for management of HIV (US$)	Net program costsa (US$)	Cost per DALY averted (US$)	ART costs saved for management of HIV (US$)	Net program costsa (US$)	Cost per DALY averted (US$)
Botswana	$18,989	$117,460	$84,464	$56	$234,920	−$32,996	Cost saving
Cameroon	$13,386	$46,145	$92,094	$86	$92,290	$45,949	$43
Kenya	$13,337	$50,340	$157,237	$162	$100,680	$106,897	$110
Lesotho	$13,998	$96,485	$110,430	$72	$192,970	$13,945	$9
Malawi	$14,514	$92,290	$114,109	$73	$184,580	$21,819	$14
Mozambique	$14,568	$71,315	$297,262	$202	$142,630	$225,947	$154
Namibia	$15,703	$96,485	$108,725	$79	$192,970	$12,240	$9
South Africa	$16,003	$96,485	$93,879	$67	$192,970	−$2,606	Cost saving
Swaziland	$13,678	$125,850	$81,385	$43	$251,700	−$44,465	Cost saving
Tanzania	$17,221	$58,730	$143,687	$124	$117,460	$84,957	$73
Uganda	$13,973	$83,900	$123,040	$80	$167,800	$39,140	$25
Zambia	$15,914	$104,875	$76,944	$44	$209,750	−$27,931	Cost saving
Zimbabwe	$13,073	$104,875	$49,022	$31	$209,750	−$55,853	Cost saving

Notes:

a Net program costs = (program costs + costs for condom procurement) – (direct health care saved for pregnancy-related care + ART treatment costs saved because of HIV prevention).

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; DALY; disability-adjusted life years.