Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Yemen

Figures & data

Table 1 General health characteristics of the pregnant women participated in the study (N=311)

Characteristics	Values
Physical characteristicsa
Age (years)	25.14±(0.37)
Weight (kg)	60.66±(0.50)
Height (cm)	156.92±(0.42)
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.61±(0.19)
Frequency of the potential risk factors of GDMb
Age ≥35 years	39 (12.5)
BMI ≥30 kg/m^2	18 (5.8)
Previous GDM	9 (2.9)
Family history of diabetes	72 (23.2)
Previous macrosomic baby	38 (12.2)
Previous stillbirth	92 (29.6)
History of PCOS	31 (10.0)

Notes:

a Values are in mean ± (SEM).

b Values are in number (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 1 Prevalence (%) of GDM among the pregnant women in Dhamar governorate, Yemen (N=311).

Abbreviation: GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.

Table 2 Univariate analysis for the potential risk factors of GDM among the pregnant women in Dhamar area, Yemen (N=311)

Potential risk factors	GDM prevalence, category (%)		PR	P-valuea
Age ≥35 years	≥35 (23.1)	<35 (2.6)	8.97	<0.001
BMI ≥30 kg/m^2	≥30 (16.7)	<30 (4.4)	3.76	0.026
Previous GDM	Yes (77.8)	No (3.0)	26.10	<0.001
Family history of diabetes	Yes (15.3)	No (2.1)	7.30	<0.001
Previous macrosomic baby	Yes (15.8)	No (3.7)	4.31	0.003
Previous stillbirth	Yes (7.6)	No (4.1)	1.85	0.207
History of PCOS	Yes (12.9)	No (4.3)	3.01	0.043

Note:

a Level of significance was determined by Poisson’s regression univariate model incorporating the RSV.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; PR, prevalence risk; RSV, robust sandwich variance.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis for the potential risk factors of GDM among the pregnant women in Dhamar, Yemen (N=311)

Potential risk factors	Adjusted PR	95% CI	P-valuea
Age ≥35 years	4.29	1.54–11.92	0.005
BMI ≥30 kg/m^2	1.26	0.27–5.81	0.771
Previous GDM	10.18	4.26–24.32	<0.001
Family history of diabetes	3.48	1.01–12.06	0.049
Previous macrosomic baby	1.38	0.56–3.37	0.481
Previous stillbirth	1.03	0.44–2.40	0.950
History of PCOS	2.66	1.02–6.93	0.046

Note:

a Level of significance was determined by Poisson’s regression multivariate model incorporating the RSV adjusted by age, BMI, previous GDM, family history of diabetes, previous macrosomic baby, previous stillbirth, and history of PCOS.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; PR, prevalence risk; RSV, robust sandwich variance.

Figure 2 Estimated risk for developing GDM among the pregnant women in Dhamar governorate, Yemen (N=311).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.