Nutrient Balance and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Swedish Vineyards

Figures & data

Table 1 Location, Age, Grape Varieties Grown, Cultivation and Fertilization Practices, and Biomass Yield on the Four Randomly Selected Swedish Vineyards (Blaxta, Ekesåkra, Flintevång, Sandskogen) Examined in This Study

Parameter	Blaxta	Ekesåkra	Flintevång	Sandskogen
Location	59°26′N, 16°62′E	55°42′N, 14°15′E	55°64′N, 13°21′E	55°76′N, 13°00′E
Vineyard age at sampling (years)	10	8	6	5
Grape variety in decreasing acreage	Vidal blanc	Rondo, Bolero, Regent	Vidal blanc, Chardonnay	Rondo, Merlot, Solaris, Fenix
Main production	Ice wine	Table wine	Table wine	Table wine
Area (ha)	2.6	1.0	0.I5	0.07
Cultivation measures	3-4 summer thinnings, 1 winter cutting	2 summer thinnings, 1 winter cutting	3-4 summer thinnings, I winter cutting	Grass/clover on 80% of vineyard, est. removal 1.5 × 10^3 kg dry weight ha^-1, 3-4 thinnings in summer, 1 winter cutting
Cuttings removed (kg dry weight. ha^-1)	0.420 × 10^3	0.448 × 10^3	0.930 × 10^3 kg	0.571 × 10^3
Wet deposition (kg N. ha^-1)^9	4.70	4.80	9.I0	8.80
Biological nitrogen fixation (kg N ha^-1)^9	0	0	0	6
Fertilization (kg. ha^-1)	None	13.4 N, 5.6 P, 20.2 K	16.0 N, 6.7 P, 23.9 K	17.8 N, 5.3 P 37.0 K
Grape yield [kg ha^-1]	5.77 × 10^3*	3.36 × 10^3	2.25 × 10^3	4.29 × 10^3

Notes:

* The grapes are harvested and frozen “dry”, so they weigh less than grapes harvested for conventional winemaking. It was estimated that total yield of 577 kg wet weight frozen grapes per ha was equivalent to a conventional harvest of 5.77 ×10³ kg wet weight per ha.

Table 2 Nitrogen Input Sources to the Four Swedish Vineyards Studied

Vineyard	N Inputs, kg ha^−1 Year^−1
	Fertilization	Deposition	Fixation Total
Blaxta	0	4.7	0 4.7
Ekesåkra	13.4	8.5	0 21.9
Flintevång	16.0	9.1	0 25.1
Sandskogen	17.8	8.8	6.0 32.6

Table 3 Biomass Production and Plant Nutrient Inputs and Outputs for the Four Swedish Vineyards Studied

Vineyard	Biomass Removed, kg Dry Matter ha^-1 Year^-1			Plant Nutrient Inputs kg ha^-1 Year^-1			Plant Nutrient Outputs kg ha^-1 Year^-1
	Grapes	Cuttings, Prunings Residues	Total	N	P	K	N	P	K
Blaxta	1096	420	1516	4.7	0	0	26.2	0.977	19.8
Ekesåkra	638	245	883	21.9	5.6	20.2	15.3	2.24	8.53
Flintevång	127	49	176	25.1	6.7	23.9	3.05	0.34	2.64
Sandskogen	855	328	1183	32.6	5.3	37.0	20.45	3.00	17.7
Mean*	679±413	260±158	740±716	21.1±11.8	4.4±3.0	20.3±15.3	16.2±9.9	1.64±1.20	12.2±8.0

Notes

* Data shown as mean ± standard deviation, n=4.

Table 4 Nutrient Balance for the Four Swedish Vineyards Studied

Vineyard	kg ha^-1 year^-1
	N	P	K
Blaxta	-21.5	-1.0	-19.8
Ekesåkra	6.6	3.4	11.7
Flintevång	21.6	6.4	21.6
Sandskog	12.1	2.3	19.3
Mean*	4.7±18.5	2.8±3.0	8.2±19.1

Note:

* Data shown as mean ± standard deviation, n=4.

Table 5 Nutrient Use Efficiency [%] of the Four Swedish Vineyards Studied

Vineyard	%
	N	P	K
Blaxta	557	Not Possible to Calculate, Input = 0	Not Possible to Calculate, Input = 0
Ekesåkra	69.9	40.0	42.2
Fiintevång	12.2	5.1	11.0
Sandskog	62.7	56.6	47.8
National figures 20I6^9	71	94	No data available