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Review

Technology in precision viticulture: a state of the art review

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Pages 69-81 | Published online: 18 May 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1 Remote sensing platforms employed in precision farming.

Notes: (A) Satellite. (B) Airborne. (C) Unmanned aerial vehicle.
Figure 1 Remote sensing platforms employed in precision farming.

Figure 2 Some kinds of sensors developed ad hoc for monitoring applications for unmanned aerial vehicle platforms.

Notes: (A) Three-band multispectral camera Tetracam ADC-Lite. (B) Six-band multispectral camera Tetracam Mini-MCA. (C) Micro-Hyperspec VNIR hyperspectral camera. (D) Ocean Optics USB4000 spectrometer. (E) FLIR TAU II. (F) YellowScan LiDAR.
Abbreviation: LiDAR, light detection and ranging.
Figure 2 Some kinds of sensors developed ad hoc for monitoring applications for unmanned aerial vehicle platforms.

Figure 3 Wireless sensor network architecture deployed in a vineyard at Azienda Agricola Castello di Brolio, Siena, Italy.

Figure 3 Wireless sensor network architecture deployed in a vineyard at Azienda Agricola Castello di Brolio, Siena, Italy.

Figure 4 Some sensors employed in wireless sensor networks for proximal sensing in vineyards.

Notes: (A) Soil moisture (Spectrum Technologies Aurora, IL, USA). (B) Leaf wetness (Decagon Devices Inc., Pullman, WA, USA). (C) Grape temperature and (D) dendrometer (GMR Strumenti SAS Scandicci, Italy). (E) Sap flow (Fruition Sciences Inc., Montpellier, France).
Figure 4 Some sensors employed in wireless sensor networks for proximal sensing in vineyards.

Figure 5 The Trimble® GreenSeeker® multispectral sensor for canopy monitoring, carried on a quad (Practical Precision Inc., Tavistock, Canada) (A) or tractor (Avidorhightech SA, Le Mont-Pèlerin, Switzerland) (B).

Figure 5 The Trimble® GreenSeeker® multispectral sensor for canopy monitoring, carried on a quad (Practical Precision Inc., Tavistock, Canada) (A) or tractor (Avidorhightech SA, Le Mont-Pèlerin, Switzerland) (B).

Figure 6 Harvester (GREGOIRE Group, Cognac Cedex, France) equipped with a georeferenced yield monitoring system (A) and a yield map of the vineyard (B).

Figure 6 Harvester (GREGOIRE Group, Cognac Cedex, France) equipped with a georeferenced yield monitoring system (A) and a yield map of the vineyard (B).

Figure 7 Spectron (A) and Multiplex (B) hand-device sensors for grape quality proximal monitoring, which allows quality maps to be realized.

Figure 7 Spectron (A) and Multiplex (B) hand-device sensors for grape quality proximal monitoring, which allows quality maps to be realized.

Figure 8 Some automated commercial solutions used in precision viticulture.

Notes: (A) Pellenc Australia 600 LM SP selective harvester. (B) Tecnovit Mod. 111 S VRT variable-rate leaf stripper. (C) Durand-Wayland SmartSpray selective atomizer with ultrasound sensors. (D) Tecnovit Mod. VRT 150 variable-rate fertilizer spreader. (E) GreenSeeker® vigor monitoring system for treatments at variable rate.
Figure 8 Some automated commercial solutions used in precision viticulture.

Figure 9 Some robot prototypes and commercial solutions for precision viticulture.

Notes: (A) VineRobot. (B) VINBOT. (C) Wall-Ye. (D) VineGuard. (E) Vitirover. (F) Vision Robotics Corporation (VRC) robot. (G) Forge Robotic Platform.
Figure 9 Some robot prototypes and commercial solutions for precision viticulture.