Emerging roles for HMGB1 protein in immunity, inflammation, and cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1 Structure of HMGB1 protein.

Notes: HMGB1 is a 215-amino acid protein of 30 kDa. Structurally, HMGB1 is composed of three domains: two positively charged domains (A box and B box) and a negatively charged carboxyl terminus (acidic tail).
Abbreviations: Cys, cysteine; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1.

Figure 2 Redox modulation of HMGB1 activity.

Notes: Different HMGB1 redox states: (A) all-oxidized cysteine in HMGB1, by reactive oxygen species, abrogates cytokine-inducing activity; (B) a disulfide bond induces cytokine cell release; (C) a reduced cysteine form has chemoattractant activity.
Abbreviation: HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1.