The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effects of calorie restriction and obesity on adipose tissue leukocyte populations, adipokine secretion, and chronic inflammation.

Notes: Calorie restriction: VAT and SCAT adipocyte size declines but BMAT increases. Increased anti-inflammatory adipokines with greater risk of infectious disease. Lean state: IL-4, IL-13, IL-10 and TGF-b maintain M2 macrophage phenotype with normal metabolic and immune homeostasis. Obese state: hypertrophy promotes rarefaction and apoptosis. M1 macrophages engulf necrotic adipocytes forming crown-like structures. Proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines promote inflammation and diseases associated with obesity.
Abbreviations: BMAT, bone marrow adipose tissue; T2D, type 2 diabetes; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SCAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; Eos, eosinophils.