Training and administration of epinephrine auto-injectors for anaphylaxis treatment in US schools: results from the EpiPen4Schools^® pilot survey

Figures & data

Table 1 School participation by region and state

State	Schools invited, n	Schools participated, n (%)	State	Schools invited, n	Schools participated, n (%)
Northeast			Midwest
Connecticut	893	179 (20)	Illinois	2,282	312 (14)
Maine	455	161 (35)	Indiana	609	62 (10)
Massachusetts	1,630	415 (25)	Iowa	35	4 (11)
New Hampshire	323	138 (43)	Kansas	236	26 (11)
New Jersey	1,672	408 (24)	Michigan	722	165 (23)
New York	3,345	747 (22)	Minnesota	291	50 (17)
Pennsylvania	1,995	618 (31)	Missouri	1,520	314 (21)
Rhode Island	263	58 (22)	Nebraska	956	191 (20)
Vermont	291	98 (34)	North Dakota	76	4 (5)
South			Ohio	82	23 (28)
Alabama	28	6 (21)	South Dakota	88	19 (22)
Arkansas	135	14 (10)	Wisconsin	966	280 (29)
District of Columbia	4	2 (50)	West
Delaware	242	51 (21)	Alaska	245	3 (1)
Florida	582	17 (3)	Arizona	277	34 (12)
Georgia	892	102 (11)	California	1,717	158 (9)
Kentucky	125	24 (19)	Colorado	93	2 (2)
Louisiana	194	27 (14)	Hawaii	5	2 (40)
Maryland	1,250	97 (8)	Idaho	34	3 (9)
Mississippi	112	17 (15)	Montana	148	49 (33)
North Carolina	645	336 (52)	Nevada	582	25 (4)
Oklahoma	60	7 (12)	New Mexico	27	2 (7)
South Carolina	517	56 (11)	Oregon	785	135 (17)
Tennessee	667	71 (11)	Utah	475	83 (17)
Texas	1,636	257 (16)	Washington	44	8 (18)
Virginia	2,013	336 (17)	Wyoming	87	9 (10)
West Virginia	171	22 (13)

Table 2 Percentage of anaphylactic events (relative to responding schools) and staff training by region and state

State	Anaphylactic events per schoola	Most/all staff trained, %^b	Most/all staff permitted, %c	State	Anaphylactic events per schoola	Most/all staff trained, %^b	Most/all staff permitted, %c
Northeast				Midwest
Connecticut	0.27	60	25	Illinois	0.16	80	57
Maine	0.04	60	43	Indiana	0.05	63	39
Massachusetts	0.24	76	48	Iowa	0.25	100	25
New Hampshire	0.13	63	35	Kansas	0.15	52	36
New Jersey	0.17	30	4	Michigan	0.06	46	35
New York	0.14	47	20	Minnesota	0.10	67	37
Pennsylvania	0.16	60	44	Missouri	0.11	77	64
Rhode Island	0.19	80	57	Nebraska	0.03	59	44
Vermont	0.06	68	41	North Dakota	0	100	25
South				Ohio	0.09	68	36
Alabama	0	17	0	South Dakota	0.16	58	47
Arkansas	0.07	62	31	Wisconsin	0.13	54	38
District of Columbia	0	100	100	West
Delaware	0.29	57	15	Alaska	0	67	67
Florida	0.12	82	71	Arizona	0.15	64	50
Georgia	0.26	66	50	California	0.24	53	34
Kentucky	0.17	74	43	Colorado	0	50	0
Louisiana	0.11	43	19	Hawaii	0	50	0
Maryland	0.20	84	52	Idaho	0	67	67
Mississippi	0.24	13	6	Montana	0.08	72	70
North Carolina	0.06	54	33	Nevada	0.20	65	50
Oklahoma	0.29	57	57	New Mexico	0	50	50
South Carolina	0.07	40	34	Oregon	0.08	42	19
Tennessee	0.17	66	59	Utah	0.19	73	61
Texas	0.17	75	44	Washington	0.25	100	38
Virginia	0.21	61	34	Wyoming	0	83	67
West Virginia	0	59	55

Notes:

a The number of anaphylactic events per school was calculated as the number of anaphylactic events in a given state divided by the number of responding schools in that state. ^bSchools training most or all staff to recognize signs of anaphylaxis. This proportion was calculated relative to the number of schools in the indicated state that responded to the survey question about staff training to recognize the symptoms of anaphylaxis, which may differ from the overall number of participating schools in that state.

c Schools permitting most or all staff to treat anaphylaxis with an epinephrine auto-injector. This proportion was calculated relative to the number of schools in the indicated state that responded to the survey question about staff permission to treat anaphylaxis with an epinephrine auto-injector, which may differ from the overall number of participating schools in that state.

Figure 1 School staff training and permission.

Note: Types of school staff (A) trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and (B) permitted to administer epinephrine using an epinephrine auto-injector.