Current Perspectives on the Management of Infantile Atopic Dermatitis

Figures & data

Table 1 Therapies Approved for Infantile and Childhood Atopic Dermatitis

Class	Drug	Age	Mechanism
Topical Corticosteroids (TCS)	Desonide gel/foam 0.05%	3 months and older	Broad anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties
	Fluocinolone acetonide oil 0.01%	3 months and older
	Hydrocortisone butyrate cream 0.1%	3 months and older
	Fluticasone propionate cream/lotion 0.05%	3 months and older
	Alclometasone dipropionate cream/ointment 0.05%	1 year and older
	Prednicarbate cream 0.1%	1 year and older
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs)	Tacrolimus ointment 0.03%	2 years and older	Inhibits T cell activation by blocking the transcription of cytokines
	Pimecrolimus cream 1%	2 years and older
	Tacrolimus ointment 0.1%	16 years and older
Topical Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) Inhibitors	Crisaborole ointment 2%	3 months and older	PDE-4 inhibition results in increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which prevents the activation of cytokines
Systemic Immunomodulating Agents	Dupilumab	6 years and older	Inhibits interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) cytokine-induced inflammatory responses

Note: Data from references 32–39, 47, 48, 62, and 85.