COVID-19 Course in Allergic Asthma Patients: A Spanish Cohort Analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data, Comorbidities, Clinical Characteristics, Asthma Biomarkers, and Laboratory Data During COVID-19 Infection in Total Population of the Study and Severity Groups

	Total Population n=201	Group 1: N=141 (70.15%)	Group 2: N=60 (29.85%)	N Missed	p value
Age	49.11 (14.18)	46.03 (13.6%)	56.35 (12.9%)	0	<0.001
Body mass index kg/m^2)	27.30 (5.61)	27.30 (5.99%)	27.29 (4.58%)	4	0.6276
Sex (Female)	125 (62.19%)	86 (60.99%)	39 (65%)	0	0.5919
Race					0.5227
Caucasian	172 (85.57%)	122 (86.52)	50 (83.33%)	0
Black	2 (1%)	2 (1.42%)	–	0
Arabic	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.71%)	–	0
Hispanic	26 (12.94%)	16 (11.35%)	10 (16.67%)	0
Asthma early onset	49 (24.5%)	40 (28,57%)	9 (15%)	0	0.4049
GERD	66 (32.84%)	47 (33.3%)	19 (31.67%)	0	0.8179
AH	36 (17.91%)	19 (13.48%)	17 (28.33%)	0	0.0119
Diabetes	11 (5.4%)	6 (4.26%)	5 (8.33%)	0	0.2447
AERD	25 (12.44%)	12 (8.51%)	13 (21.67%)	0	0.0097
Asthma/COPD	7 (3.48%)	3 (2.13%)	4 (6.67%)	0	0.1082
Cardiovascular diseases	14 (6.96%)	5 (3.55%)	9 (15%)	0	0.0035
Allergic rinitis	179 (89.05%)	130 (92.2%)	49 (81.67%)	0	0.0286
Nasal polyps	33 (16.4%)	22(15.6%)	11(18.33%)	0	0.6325
Atopic dermatitis	26 (12.94%)	21 (14.81%)	5 (8.33%)	0	0.2047
Positive prick test dust mites	56 (27.86%)	40 (28.37%)	16 (26.67%)	0	0.0083
Positive prick test to pollen	154 (76.62%)	114 (80.85%)	40 (66.67%)	0	0.0030
Positive prick test to fungi	31 (15.42%)	27 (19.15%)	4 (6.67%)	0	0.0010
Positive prick test to dander	91 (45.27%)	65 (46.10%)	26 (43.33%)	0	0.0083
Allergic or allergic + eosinophilic phenotype	174 (88.37%)	128 (63.12%)	46 (22.88%)	0	0.0073
Baseline Eosinophils (cell/mm^3) mean (SD)	331.69 (246.91)	332,24 (250.08)	330.35 (241.18)	5	0.8698
Total IgE (KU/L)) mean (SD)	452.10 (1352.33)	522.14 (1574.43)	276.98 (419.68)	12	0.0188
D-dimer COVID-19 (ng/mL) mean (SD)	1216.93 (5761.13)	350.5 (164.57)	1700.51 (7174.50)	134	0.0486
LDH COVID-19(U/L) mean (SD)	319.88 (421.11)	323.52 (636.02)	317.53 (191.70)	127	0.0003
Neutrophils COVID-19 (cell/mm^3) mean (SD)	5132.34 (2942.52)	4384.52 (1908.6)	5736.35 (3469.67)	107	0.0697
CRP COVID-19 (mg/d)) mean (SD)	5.430 (22.429)	6.191 (31.312)	4.932 (14.260)	115	0.0079
Lymphocytes COVID-19 (cell/mm^3) mean (SD)	1357.65 (824.42)	1724,78 (930.41)	1068.46 (594.73)	108	<0.0001
COVID-19 Eosinophils (cell/mm^3) mean (SD)	77.06 (100.89)	123.78 (121.27)	41.04 (62.3)	116	0.0002

Notes: Group 1: non-hospitalized patients; Group 2: hospitalized patients. Bold font: p value statistically significant.

Abbreviations: GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; AH, arterial hypertension; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C reactive protein.

Table 2 Lung Function Before and After COVID in Total Population and in Group 1 (Patients Who Not Required Hospital Admission for COVID-19) and Group 2 (Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients)

	Total Population N=201	N Missed	Group 1: N=141 (70.15%)	N Missed	Group 2: N=60 (29.85%)	N Missed	p value
FVC (mL) mean (SD)	3363.46 (909.91)	15	3423.01 (919.12)	11	3225.22 (879.90)	4	0.1322
FVC (mL) p mean (SD)	3365 (892.85)	58	3478.83 (912.45)	43	3117.11 (803.48)	15	0.9209
FVC (%) mean (SD)	97.50 (17.16)	12	98.45 (17.71)	9	95.30 (15.74)	3	0.2778
FVC (%) p mean (SD)	103.98 (83.80)	59	98.50 (22.12)	42	116.61 (49)	17	0.8867
FEV1(mL) mean (SD)	2496.21 (896.67)	14	2588.11 (892)	10	2281.23 (878.19)	4	0.0091
FEV1(mL) p mean (SD)	2554.56 (738.38)	58	2685.64 (802.60)	42	2269.09 (662.44)	15	0.8867
FEV1(%) mean (SD)	89.17 (22.66)	11	90.40 (23.06)	8	86.28 (21.62)	13	0.2042
FEV1(%) p mean (SD)	94.66 (33.808	58	92.54 (20.24)	43	89.29 (22.06)	16	0.9318
ACT mean (SD)	20.87 (4.37)	68	21.37 (4.01)	43	19.49 (5.06)	25	0.0289
ACTp mean (SD)	20.42	32	20.70 (4.33)	17	19.64 (4.01)	15	0.9264

Note: p values in bold font are statistically significant.Abbreviations: FVC, baseline forced vital capacity; FEV_1, baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second; ACT, baseline asthma control test; FVCp, post-COVID-19 forced vital capacity; FEV₁p, post-COVID-19 forced expiratory volume in 1 second; ACTp, post-COVID-19 asthma control test.