Aero-Allergen Sensitization in the General Population: Longitudinal Analyses of the LEAD (Lung Heart Social Body) Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

	Childhood/Adolescence N = 1439		Adulthood N = 9844
	Male N = 773 (53.7%)	Female N = 666 (46.3%)	Male N = 4587 (46.6%)	Female N = 5257 (53.4%)
Age, years	12.4 ± 3.7	12.6 ± 3.6	49.3 ± 16.3	49.3 ± 16.1
Height, cm	153.9± 20.7	150.9 ± 15.9	177.5 ± 7.1	164.1 ± 6.6
Weight, kg	48.4 ± 19.9	45.2 ± 15.4	84.6 ± 14.1	68.1 ± 13.8
BMI, kg/m^2	19.5 ± 4.1	19.2 ± 3.9	26.9 ± 4.3	25.3 ± 5.2
Fat mass index, kg/m^2	4.3 ± 2.9	5.8 ±2.8	7.5 ± 3.2	9.7 ± 4.0
Fat free mass index, kg/m^2	14.5 ± 2.4	12.7 ±1.4	18.3 ± 1.8	14.7 ± 1.6
FEV1, % predicted	98.1 ± 11.9	97.2 ± 12.3	95.7 ± 14.9	98.6 ± 14.2
FVC, % predicted	98.3 ± 11.3	98.1 ± 12.1	98.2 ± 13.0	100.9 ± 12.8
FEV1/FVC, %	86.0 ± 7.2	88.1 ± 9.7	77.2 ± 7.8	79.0 ± 7.3
Eosinophils, 10^9/L	3.6 ± 3.1	2.8 ± 2.7	2.7 ± 1.9	2.3 ± 1.8
Smoking status
Never smoker	731 (94.6)	637 (95.6)	1738 (37.9)	2570 (48.9)
Former smoker	1 (0.1)	2 (0.3)	1656 (36.1)	1533 (29.2)
Current smoker	41 (5.3)	27 (4.1)	1192 (26.0)	1153 (21.9)
Second-hand smoking	148 (19.2)	143 (21.5)	2736 (60.0)	3275 (62.3)

Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity.

Figure 1 Prevalence of positive skin prick test by age and gender at baseline. *p<0.05 male vs female.

Figure 2 Prevalence of specific SPT at baseline in childhood /adolescence vs adulthood. *p<0.05 childhood/adolescence vs adulthood.

Figure 3 Prevalence of each allergen in childhood/adolescence by gender. *p<0.05 male vs female.

Figure 4 Prevalence of each allergen in adulthood by gender. *p<0.05 male vs female.

Table 2 Associated Factors for a Positive SPT in Childhood/Adolescence at Baseline, Mutually Adjusted (N=1439)

Factors	OR	p-value	[95% CI]
Positive association
Sex, male vs female	1.68	<0.001	[1.28–2.19]
Age group, years (ref: 6–<10 years)
10–<15	1.94	0.008	[1.38–2.73]
15–<19	2.30	0.030	[1.61–2.30]
Eosinophil, 10^9/L (continuous absolute value)	9.87	<0.001	[4.81–20.24]
Negative association
Dog in household, current, yes vs no	0.65	0.024	[0.45–0.94]
Cat in household, current, yes vs no	0.71	0.010	[0.50–1.00]

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference group; SPT, skin prick test.

Table 3 Associated Factors for a Positive SPT in Adulthood at Baseline, Mutually Adjusted (N=9844)

Factors	OR	p-value	[95% CI]
Positive association
Sex, male vs female	1.86	<0.001	[1.77–2.16]
Age group, years (ref: 19–<30 years)
30–<40	0.76	0.001	[0.64–0.90]
40–<50	0.73	<0.001	[0.62–0.86]
50–<60	0.54	<0.001	[0.46–0.64]
60–<70	0.47	<0.001	[0.39–0.56]
≥70	0.38	<0.001	[0.31–0.46]
SES categories (ref: normal)
High SES	1.27	<0.001	[1.14–1.41]
Parental allergy (doctor’s diagnosis), yes vs no	1.26	<0.001	[1.10–1.48]
Eosinophil, 10^9/L (continues absolute value)	3.54	<0.001	[2.44–5.12]
Negative association
Smoking status (ref: never smoker)
Former smoking	0.83	0.002	[0.74–0.94]
Current smoking	0.76	<0.001	[0.67–0.87]
Second-hand smoking	0.87	0.018	[0.79–0.97]

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference group; SES, socio-economic status; SPT, skin prick test.

Figure 5 Flow graph of positive skin prick test at baseline and after a 4-year follow-up period in childhood/adolescence.

Abbreviation: SPT, skin prick test.

Figure 6 Flow graph of positive skin prick test at baseline and after a 4-year follow-up period in adulthood.

Abbreviation: SPT, skin prick test.