Phenotypic Distinctions Between Omega-5-Gliadin Allergy and Peanut Allergy: Clinical Profile, Reaction Rates and Triggers, and Quality of Life

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Participants with Omega-5-Gliadin Allergy and Peanut Allergy

	Peanut n=43	O5G n=43	p-value
Age, mean (range, SD)	32 yrs (16–65, 11.9)	45 yrs (21–76, 13.1)	<0.001
Sex (Male: Female)	18:25	22:21	NS
Age of symptom onset, mean (range, SD)	2.5 yrs (0–29, 12.3)	37.2 yrs (16.8–65, 12.0)	<0.001
Asthma n (%)	34 (79%)	4 (9%)	<0.001
Eczema n (%)	30 (70%)	4 (9%)	<0.001
Other Self-Reported Food Allergies n (%)	29 (67%)	20 (47%)	0.05
Number of additional Food Allergies, mean (SD)	1.86 (1.9)	0.15 (0.46)	<0.001
Any Self-Reported Atopic Comorbidities n (%)	42 (98%)	26 (60%)	<0.001
Number of Self-Reported Atopic Comorbidities between 0–4, mean (SD)	2.93 (1.2)	0.88 (0.91)	<0.001
Anaphylaxis ever n (%)	34 (79%)	38 (88%)	NS
Epinephrine Autoinjector n (%)	42 (98%)	39 (91%)	NS
Dietitian Review n (%)	13 (30%)	13 (30%)	NS

Abbreviations: O5G, omega-5-gliadin; NS, not significant; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Reaction Rates Before and After Diagnosis

Reactions/Month	Peanut N=38	O5G N=42	P-value
Pre-diagnosis	0.29	1.085	0.03
Post-diagnosis	0.05	0.35	0.069 (NS)
p-value	0.001	0.012

Abbreviations: O5G, omega-5-gliadin; NS, not significant.

Table 3 Reported Triggers of Allergic Reactions by Food Allergen

	Peanut (n=43)	O5G (n=43)	p-value
Decided to eat	4 (9%)	13 (30%)	0.015
Accidentally ate	36 (84%)	11 (26%)	<0.001
Unexpected exercise	1 (2%)	15 (35%)	<0.001
Away from home	28 (65%)	12 (28%)	<0.001
Another reason	1 (2%)	4 (9%)	NS
Unknown cause	4 (9%)	7 (16%)	NS
Never had a reaction	4 (9%)	9 (21%)	NS

Abbreviations: O5G, omega-5-gliadin; NS, not significant.

Table 4 FAQLQ-AF Scores (Total and Domains) by Food Allergen

	FAQLQ-AF Total	AADR	RAE	FAH	EI
Peanut, mean (range, SD)	4.7 (2.4–6.7, 1.27)	4.9 (2.3–6.8,1.44)	4.5 (2.0–6.9,1.47)	3.7 (1–7,1.65)	4.9 (1.6–7,1.4)
O5G, mean (range, SD)	4.2 (1.5–6.9, 1.4)	4.2 (1.1–7, 1.67)	4.0 (1–6.6, 1.47)	4.2 (1–7, 1.47)	4.6 (1.1–7,1.5)
P-value	0.12	0.04	0.091	0.092	0.287

Abbreviations: FAQLQ-AF, Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire – Adult Form; AADR, allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions; RAE, risk of accidental exposure; FAH, food allergy related health; EI, emotional impact. Higher scores denote greater QOL impact; O5G, omega-5-gliadin; SD, standard deviation.

Table 5 FAQLQ-AF Scores (Total and Domains) by Food Allergen and Sex

	Total	AADR	RAE	FAH	EI
Female, mean (range, SD)	4.75 (2.3–6.9, 1.2)	4.77 (1.8–7, 1.47)	4.59 (2–6.9, 1.43)	4.1 (1–7, 1.48)	5.24 (2.4–7, 1.27)
Male, mean (range, SD)	4.06 (1.5–6.5, 1.4)	4.25 (1.1–6.8, 1.7)	3.82 (1–6.6, 1.46)	3.77 (1–6.7, 1.68)	4.16 (1.1–6.4, 1.5)
P-value	0.018	0.135	0.016	0.329	<0.001

Notes: Statistically significant data shown in bold.

Abbreviations: FAQLQ-AF, Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire – Adult Form; AADR, allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions; RAE, risk of accidental exposure; FAH, food allergy related health; EI, emotional impact. Higher scores denote greater QOL impact; SD, standard deviation.

Table 6 FAQLQ-AF Scores (Total and Domains) in O5G Allergy by Management Strategy

	Total	AADR	RAE	FAH	EI
Stringent (n=33), mean (Range, SD)	4.3 (1.5–6.9, 1.5)	4.3 (1.1–7, 1.7)	4.0 (1–6.6, 1.6)	4.3 (1–7, 1.6)	4.7 (2.4–7, 1.6)
Liberal (n=10), mean (Range, SD)	3.8 (1.6–5.6, 1.2)	3.7 (1.6–5.8, 1.5)	3.8 (1.8–5.4, 1.2)	4.0 (2.3–6.7, 1.2)	4.0 (1.1–5.4, 1.4)
p-value	0.295	0.28	0.57	0.46	0.195

Notes: Higher scores denote greater QOL impact. A “stringent” management approach required complete avoidance of wheat/gluten or separation of food and exercise by a minimum of four hours. A “liberal” management approach involved neither of these.

Abbreviations: O5G, omega-5-gliadin; SD, standard deviation; FAQLQ-AF, Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire – Adult Form; AADR, allergen avoidance and dietary restrictions; RAE, risk of accidental exposure; FAH, food allergy related health; EI, emotional impact.