https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-4903
Figures & data
Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram summarizing the selection process for publications included in the review.
Notes: Adapted from Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. Creative Commons.Citation16
Abbreviations: AHR, airway hyperresponsiveness; EAR, early allergic response; LAR, late allergic response; PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
Table 1 Characteristics of the Included Trials and Publications
Table 2 Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
Figure 2 Summary of included studies of biologic therapies and their effects on AHR in asthma. ↓Indicates that the biologic agent significantly reduced the AHR and significant results are highlighted by bolded text; ↔Indicates that the biologic therapy had no effect on the AHR. NS (NR) indicates when a p value was non-significant, but the value was not reported. ap values as reported in the publications cited. bAHR was the primary outcome of the study. cReduction in AHR to AMP at week 4 but not at week 12. dPatients with refractory asthma who participated in the crossover part of the study.
Abbreviations: ACh, acetylcholine; AHR, airway hyperresponsiveness; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; CD11a, αLβ2 integrin α-chain; His, histamine; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; mAb, monoclonal antibody; Man, mannitol; MCh, methacholine; NS, non-significant; NR, not reported; r, recombinant; RA, receptor antagonist; SC, subcutaneously; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.
Figure 3 Summary of included studies of biologic therapies and their effects on the EAR and LAR in asthma. ↓Indicates that the biologic agent significantly reduced the EAR or LAR and significant results are highlighted by bolded text; ↔Indicates that the biologic therapy had no effect on the EAR or LAR. NS (NR) indicates when a p value was non-significant but the value was not reported. ap values as reported in the publications cited.bGrouped according to screening IgE levels; group 1: 30–300 IU/mL (low IgE); group 2: 700–2000 IU/mL (high IgE). cReduction at day 14 but not at day 35.
Abbreviations: CD11a, αLβ2 integrin α-chain; EAR, early allergic response; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; IU, international units; LAR, late allergic response; mAb, monoclonal antibody; NS, non-significant; NR, not reported; r, recombinant; R, receptor; RA, receptor antagonist; rhPAF-AH, recombinant human platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase; SC, subcutaneously; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.
