Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality in Mothers of Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Questionnaire Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Trial Participants (n=120)

Variable	Control Group (n=30)	AD Group (n=30)
		Mild AD (n=30)	Moderate AD (n=30)	Severe AD (n=30)
Mother’s characteristics
Age (years), n (%)
21~34	26 (86.67%)	24 (80.00%)	25 (83.33%)	27 (90.00%)
≥35	4 (13.33%)	6 (20.00%)	5 (16.67%)	3 (10.00%)
Highest education attainment, n (%)
< Bachelor’s degree	17(56.67%)	17(56.67%)	16(53.34%)	20(66.67%)
Bachelor’s degree	10(33.33%)	13(43.33%)	13(43.33%)	10(33.33%)
> Bachelor’s degree	3(10.00%)	0(0.00%)	1(3.33%)	0(0.00%)
Monthly income (yuan), n (%)
≤5000	1(3.33%)	7(23.33%)	1(3.33%)	2(6.67%)
> 5000~10,000	6(20.00%)	9(30.00%)	8(26.67%)	12(40.00%)
> 10,000	23(76.67%)	14(46.67%)	21(70.00%)	16(53.33%)
Employed, n (%)
No	6(20.00%)	12(40.00%)	5(16.67%)	10(33.33%)
Yes	24(80.00%)	18(60.00%)	25(83.33%)	20(66.67%)
Children’s characteristics
Gender, n (%)
Male	19(63.33%)	20(66.67%)	17(56.67%)	18(60.00%)
Female	11(36.67%)	10(33.33%)	13(43.33%)	12(40.00%)
Age (in years), y^a	1(0.00,2.00)	1(0.00,2.00)	1(0.00,2.00)	1(0.00,2.00)
Feeding patterns, n (%)
Breast feeding	11(36.67%)	3(10.00%)	6(20.00%)	7(23.33%)
Milk feeding	10(33.33%)	12(40.00%)	11(36.67%)	14(46.67%)
Mixed feeding	9(30.00%)	15(50.00%)	13(43.33%)	9(30.00%)
Having siblings, n (%)
Yes	14(46.67%)	15(50.00%)	19(63.33%)	16(53.33%)
No	16(53.33%)	15(50.00%)	11(36.67%)	14(46.67%)
Duration of disease, m^a	–	12 (6.00,22.65)	9 (3.75,18.00)	7 (3.88,29.40)

Note: ^aData shown are P50 (P25, P75).

Figure 1 The workflow of this study.

Table 2 Comparison of SCORAD Before and After Treatment

	n	Before Treatment	After Treatment
Mild AD group	26	18.75(15.55,22.83)	9.75(4.80,14.45) *
Moderate AD group	29	38.50(30.65,47.30)	16.70(8.60,22.45) *
Severe AD group	26	61.25(54.60,67.13)	23.40(13.73,34.45)*

Note: *p < 0.05, compared with the SCORAD score before treatment.

Abbreviation: SCORAD, Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis.

Table 3 HADS Score of Mothers in the Various AD Groups and Control Group

	n	Anxiety Subscore	Depression Subscore
Control group	30	1.50(0.00,3.00)	2.00(1.00,3.25)
Mild AD group	30	4.50(2.75,8.00)*	4.00(1.00,8.25)
Moderate AD group	30	5.00(3.00,10.00)*	5.00(2.00,8.25)*
Severe AD group	30	5.50(3.00,9.25)*	5.50(3.00,9.00)*
χ^2		25.93	15.04
p		< 0.01	< 0.01

Note: *p < 0.05, compared with the healthy control group.

Abbreviation: HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Table 4 Comparison of HADS Scores Before and After Treatment

	n	HAD-A		HAD-D
		Before Treatment	After Treatment	Before Treatment	After Treatment
Mild AD group	26	4.50(8.00,2.75)	1.50(0.00,5.25)*	4.00(1.75,9.00)	1.50(0.00,4.00)*
Moderate AD group	29	4.00(3.00,9.50)	3.00(0.00,5.00)*	5.00(2.00, 8.50)	3.00(0.50,7.50)*
Severe AD group	26	6.00(3.75,10.00)	5.00(1.75,7.00)*	5.85±3.85	5.19±3.75

Notes: HAD-D is the depression subscale of HADS, HAD-Ais the anxiety subscale of the HADS. *P < 0.05, compared with the HAD-A/D score before treatment.

Table 5 PSQI Scores of Mothers in the Various AD Groups and Control Group

	n	PSQI score
Control group	30	3.00(1.80, 4.30)
Mild AD group	30	7.00(3.80,10.30)*
Moderate AD group	30	6.00(4.80,9.00)*
Severe AD group	30	6.50(4.00,9.00)*
x^2		28.15
p		<0.01

Note: *p < 0.05, compared with the healthy control group.

Abbreviation: PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.

Table 6 Comparison of PSQI Score Before and After Treatment

	n	Before Treatment	After Treatment
Mild AD group	26	7.23±4.05	5.27±3.71*
Moderate AD group	29	6.72±2.90	6.00±3.04
Severe AD group	26	6.50(4.00,9.00)	6.50(4.75,9.00)

Notes: *p < 0.05, compared with the PSQI score before treatment.

Abbreviation: PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.