New Insights into Mechanisms Traditional Chinese Medicine for Allergic Rhinitis by Regulating Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Pathways

Figures & data

Figure 1 Pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Created with Biorender.com.

Figure 2 Crosstalk between oxidative stress and inflammation.

Table 1 Regulatory Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers on Signal Pathway of AR

Traditional Chinese	Resources	Type of Mechanism	Medicine Study of Action	Reference
Saikosaponin A	Bupleurum falcatum	In vivo	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathways	Piao et al^Citation52
Tanshinone IIA	Salvia miltiorrhiza	In vivo	Antioxidative anti-inflammatory inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathways	Huang et al^Citation53
Glycyrrhizin	Glycyrrhiza glabra	In vivo	Antioxidative anti- inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathways inflammatory	Li et al^Citation54
Astragaloside IV	Astragalus membranaceus	In vitro	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathways	Guo et al^Citation55
Baicalin	Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	In vivo	Antioxidative anti-inflammatory inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathways	Zhou et al^Citation56
TwHF polyglycosides	TWHF	In vivo	Antioxidative anti-inflammatory inhibiting the TLR/NF-KB signaling pathways	Zhang et al^Citation57
Luteolin	Flavonoid	In vivo	Antioxidative anti-inflammatory inhibiting the TLR/NF-KB signaling pathways	Dong et al^Citation58
Coptidis	Rhizoma coptidis	In vivo	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the PI3K/AK T signaling pathways antioxidative	Fu et al^Citation58
Fructus Xanthii	Chrysanthemum Plant	In vivo	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways	Wang et al^Citation59
Curcumin	Curcuma longaL	In vivo	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways	Gersey et al^Citation60
Magnolol	Magnolia	In vivo	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways	Chen et al^Citation61
Psoralen	Psoraleae	In vivo		Gao et al^Citation62
Formononetin	Trifolium pratense	In vivo	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the Nrf2 signaling pathways	Huang et al^Citation63

Table 2 Regulatory Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Signal Pathway of AR

Traditional Chinese Medicine	Herbal Constituents	Mechanism of Action	Reference
Waking nose gel	Cynanchum paniculatum Radix (Xuchangqing) Periostracum cicadae (ChanTui) Calculus Bovis (Niu Huang) Borneol (Long Nao)	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the NF-KB signaling pathways	Nan et al^Citation64
Xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLT)	Ephedra sinica (Ma Huang) Cinnamomum cassia (Gui Zhi) Asarum (Xi Xin) Paeoniae Radix Alba(BaiShao) Glycyrrhizae (GanCao) Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (WuWeiZi) Pinellia ternata(BanXia)	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting IL-33 release	Fukuoka S et al^Citation65
Compound Xinyi nasal drop liquid	Fructus Xanthii (Cang-Erzi) Flos Magnoliae (Xin Yi) Centipeda minima (Ebushicao) Cortex Moutan (Mudanpi) Ginseng(RenShen) Scutellaria (Huang Qin)	inhibiting IL-33 release	Song et al^Citation66
Mahuang Fuzi Xixin decoction	Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang) Radix aconiti lateralis praeparata (Fuzi) Asarum(Xixin)	anti-inflammatory inhibiting P13K/AKT signaling pathways	Liang et al^Citation67
Yupingfeng San	Astragali Radix(HuangQi) Atractylodes macrocephala (Bai Zhu) Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng)	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the P13K/AKT signaling pathways	Yang et al^Citation68
Guizhi Decoction	Cinnamomum cassia (Gui Zhi) Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Shao Yao) Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (ShengJiang) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Fructus Jujubae (DaZao) Glycyrrhizae(GanCao)	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the P13K / AKT signaling pathways	Sun et al^Citation69
Cool blood and stop sneezing soup	Scutellaria (Huang Qin) Radix Saposhnikoviae(Fangfeng) Periostracum cicadae (ChanTui) Fructus Mume (Wu Mei) Lithospermi Radix(ZiCao) Rubiae Radix (Qiancao) Eclipta(MoHanLian)	Anti-inflammatory inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathways	Xing et al^Citation70

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