Clinical association of baseline levels of conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein and nitric oxide with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and their relationship with immunoglobulins and Th1-to-Th2 ratio

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell NHL

Variable	Controls (n=25)	Patients (n=32)	P
Age (range, years)	50.5 (25–72)	52.81 (25–70)	0.630
Sex (M/F)	13/12	18/14	0.959
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.54±0.64	23.43±0.68	0.909
LDH (U/L)	201.23±72.33	431.72±68.24	0.025
ALP (U/100 mL)	84.27±13.89	130.18±14.59	0.030
Histological types
DLBCL (%)	–	59	–
B-UNC/BL/DLBCL (%)	–	3	–
BL (%)	–	38	–

Notes: P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BL, Burkitt’s lymphoma; B-UNC/BL/DLBCL, B-cell lymphomas, unclassifiable, with feature intermediate between BL and DLBCL; BMI, body mass index; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; F, female; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; M, male; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Figure 1 Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 and Th1/Th2 ratio in newly diagnosed patients with aggressive B-cell NHL and matched control subjects.

Notes: *P<0.05, ***P<0.001. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations: IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Th, T helper.

Figure 2 Serum levels of Igs A, M, and G in newly diagnosed patients with aggressive B-cell NHL and matched control subjects.

Notes: **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations: Ig, immunoglobulin; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Figure 3 Oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with newly diagnosed B-cell NHL and healthy controls.

Notes: **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations: MDA, malondialdehyde; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PC, protein carbonyl; TAC, total antioxidant capacity.

Figure 4 β-Lipoprotein and LDL-BCD levels in newly diagnosed patients with aggressive B-cell NHL and healthy controls.

Notes: ***P<0.001. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations: NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; LDL-BCD, baseline levels of conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein; β-LP, β-lipoprotein (LDL).

Figure 5 NO production levels in newly diagnosed patients with aggressive B-cell NHL and healthy controls.

Notes: ***P<0.001. Data are presented as mean ± standard error.
Abbreviations: NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NO, nitric oxide.

Table 2 Association of LDL-BCD and NO production with newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell NHL among quartiles of 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile

Quartile	Significance	LDL-BCD (µmol/L)	NO production (µmol/L)
25th percentile	RR (P/C)	2.26 (31/19)	2.07 (30/18)
	95% CI	1.42–3.59	1.25–3.44
	P	0.014	0.024
50th percentile	RR (P/C)	2.84 (30/13)	2.78 (29/12)
	95% CI	1.72–4.68	1.63–4.72
	P	<0.001	<0.001
75th percentile	RR (P/C)	5.43 (30/6)	4.68 (28/6)
	95% CI	2.58–11.42	2.21–9.91
	P	<0.001	<0.001

Note: P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LDL-BCD, baseline levels of conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NO, nitric oxide; P/C, number of cases per each percentile in patients (P; n=32) and controls (C; n=25); RR, relative risk.

Table 3 Relationship of LDL-BCD and NO production with newly diagnosed aggressive B-cell NHL

Variable	Correlation coefficient
	LDL-BCD (µmol/L)	NO production (µmol/L)
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	0.377	−0.528
P	0.033	0.002
IL-4 (pg/mL)	0.256	0.453
P	0.157	0.009
Th1/Th2 ratio	0.325	−0.354
P	0.070	0.047
IgA (mg/dL)	0.422	−0.230
P	0.016	0.205
IgM (mg/dL)	0.519	0.461
P	0.002	0.008
IgG (mg/dL)	−0.121	0.148
P	0.510	0.419
Albumin (g/L)	−0.231	−0.370
P	0.203	0.037

Notes: P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: IFN, interferon; Ig, immunoglobulin; IL, interleukin; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NO, nitric oxide; LDL-BCD, baseline levels of conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein; Th, T helper.