Pain frequency, severity and QT dispersion in adult patients with sickle cell anemia: correlation with inflammatory markers

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data of patients with SCA compared with control

Biometric marker	SCA patients, n=46	Control, n=46	P-value
Age, years	18.47±5.78	18.5±5.55
Gender, female	27	28
Vitamin D3, ng/mL	27.09±11.28	59.07±28.97	<0.001
LDH, U/L	324.11±97.32	166.53±27.44	<0.001
WBC, 10^9/L	10.80±2.04	6.60±0.84	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	8.19±0.38	12.40±1.39	<0.001
PTH, pg/mL	6.04±0.66	3.54±0.44	<0.001
Reticulocyte, %	5.25±1.02	2.14±0.67	<0.001
TNF-α, pg/mL	46.78±11.75	32.78±6.06	<0.001
IL-1, pg/mL	37.00±9.00	26.04±6.08	<0.001
CRP, mg/L	2.61±0.85	0.87±0.26	<0.001
QTC, ms	426.31±19.69	423.98±18.7	0.437
QTd, ms	43.31±2.41	39.16±2.09	<0.001
Ferritin, ng/mL	348.71±127.73	70.20±6.39	<0.01
Heart rate, BPM	73.29±6.56	69.29±5.1	<0.08

Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD except for Gender which is presented as number.

Abbreviations: BPM, beats per minute; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL1, interleukin 1; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ms, millisecond.; PTH, parathormone; QTC, corrected QT; QTd, QT dispersion; SCA, sickle cell anemia; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WBC, white blood cell count.

Table 2 The mean of biochemical and hematological and electrocardiographic data between group 1 and group 2 in adult patients with SCA

Biometric marker	Group 1, n=23	Group 2, n=23	P-value
Mean of pain frequency per month	46.39±11.71 39.64	±5.21	0.017
Age, years	17.57±5.77	19.41±5.77	<0.01
Body mass index, kg/m^2	23.40±3.60	29.54±4.09	<0.01
Vitamin D3, ng/mL	17.04±4.06	37.59±4.83	<0.01
LDH, U/L	397.00±65.82	274.91±58.34	<0.01
WBC, 10^9/L	12.30±1.46	9.23±1.19	<0.01
Hb, g/dL	7.96±0.3	8.44±0.27	<0.01
Platelets, 10^9/L	344.00±53.71	243.27±28.01	<0.01
Reticulocyte, %	6.07±0.61	4.40±0.54	<0.01
TNF-α, pg/mL	56.52±5.43	36.59±6.76	<0.01
IL-1, pg/mL	44.17±4.54	29.5±5.74	<0.05
CRP, mg/L	3.20±0.72	1.99±0.41	<0.05
QTd, ms	45.00±2.22	41.55±0.80	<0.05
Ferritin, ng/dL	339.78±65.949	207.91±7.39	<0.001

Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; QTd, QT dispersion; HB, hemoglobin; IL-1, interleukin-1; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SCA, sickle cell anemia; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WBC, white blood cell count.

Figure 1 The mean of pain frequency per month for the two groups (1 and 2) in patients with SCA and pain intensity using VAS.

Abbreviations: SCA, sickle cell anemia; VAS, visual analog scale.