Evaluation of thrombosis-related biomarkers before and after therapy in patients with multiple myeloma

Figures & data

Figure 1 Randomization and follow-up of patients included in the trial.

Notes: A total of 91 patients underwent randomization: 23 were assigned to treatment with Mel-P, 31 with bortezomib, and 37 with lenalidomide.
Abbreviation: Mel-P, melphalan and prednisone.

Table 1 Plasma levels of cytokines, PDMP, and soluble factors

Biomarker	Controls (n=30)	Patients (n=103)
TNFα (pg/mL)	13.2±11.5	23.4±16.8^NS
HMGB1 (ng/mL)	3.1±0.9	9.9±1.2^p^<001
PDMP (U/mL)	8.2±1.5	27.9±4.6^p^<0.001
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	627±219	1,866±1,182^p^<0.001
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	9.3±2.5	36.8±7.9^p^<0.001
sEPCR (ng/mL)	84±25	180±68^p^<0.001

Notes: Data are shown as mean ± SD. p-value, patients versus controls.

Abbreviations: TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1; PDMP, platelet-derived microparticles; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; sEPCR, soluble endothelial protein C receptor; NS, not significant.

Figure 2 Changes in the plasma levels of TNFα, HMGB1, and PDMP before and after treatments.

Notes: Data are shown as mean ± SD. p-value, patients versus controls.
Abbreviations: Mel-P, melphalan and prednisone; Bor, bortezomib; Len, lenalidomide; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1; PDMP, platelet-derived microparticle; NS, not significant.

Figure 3 Changes in the plasma levels of sVCAM-1, PAI-1, and sEPCR before and after treatments.

Notes: Data are shown as mean ± SD. p-value, patients versus controls.
Abbreviations: Mel-P, melphalan and prednisone; Bor, bortezomib; Len, lenalidomide; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; sEPCR, soluble endothelial protein C receptor; NS, not significant.

Figure 4 Changes in HMGB1 (A), sVCAM-1 (B), PAI-1 (C), and PDMP (D) before and after treatment of patients with higher levels of sEPCR.

Notes: Data are shown as mean ± SD. p-value, before versus 3 or 6 months after treatment began.
Abbreviations: HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PDMP, platelet-derived microparticles; Mel-P, melphalan and prednisone; Bor, bortezomib; Len, lenalidomide; NS, not significant; M, months.

Table 2 Changes in the plasma levels of PDMP, soluble factors, and cytokines/chemokines before and after all treatments of patients with elevated sEPCR

Biomarker	Before	3 months	6 months
HMGB1 (ng/mL)	15.1±4.9	15.8±5.2^NS	16.2±5.9^NS
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	2,230±1,060	2,295±1,102^NS	2,301±1,163^NS
PAI-1 (ng/mL)	31.5±19.6	32.3±21.2^NS	35.1±23.3^NS
PDMP (U/mL)	24.8±9.6	31.2±10.3^NS	32.1±11.4^NS

Notes: Data are shown as mean ± SD. p-value, before versus 3 or 6 months after treatment began.

Abbreviations: sEPCR, soluble endothelial protein C receptor; HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PDMP, platelet-derived microparticle; NS, not significant.