Subclinical leukopenia in a cross section of Nigerian blood donors

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the male blood donors

Variables	Number	Percentage (%)
Age (years)
<30	29	25.9
30–40	19	17.0
>40	64	57.1
Category of donors
First time	43	38.4
Regular	69	61.6
ABO blood group
A	8	7.2
B	9	8.0
AB	0	0
O	95	84.8
Rhesus blood group
RhD negative	9	8.0
RhD positive	103	92.0

Table 2 Reference ranges of the hematological values of the 112 blood donors in relation to their age groups

Parameters		Age groups (years)
	<30 (n = 29)	30–40 (n = 19)	>40 (n = 64)
	Mean (SD); 95% CI	Mean (SD); 95% Cl	Mean (SD); 95% Cl
PCV (%)	38.0 (4.0); 36.5–39.6	36.0 (7.8); 36–40	39.4 (4.9); 37–41.7
WBC (×10^9/L)	3.9 (1.9); 3.2–4.6	3.9 (1.9); 3.4–4.3	4.1 (1.8); 3.2–4.9
Lymphs (abs)	2.3 (0.9); 1.9–2.7	2.2 (0.07); 1.9–2.4	2.1 (0.8); 1.7–2.5
Lymphs (%)	46.4 (10.0); 42.6–50.3	51.1 (13.6); 47.7–54.5	49.0 (9.1); 44–53.4
Granulocytes (abs)	1.9 (0.9); 1.6–2.3	3.5 (3.1); 0.2–6.8	1.9 (0.8); 1.5–2.3
Granulocytes (%)	44.5 (11.2); 40.2–48.8	39.6 (11.4); 36.7–42.4	42.1 (11.1); 36.7–47.5
Monocytes (abs)	0.7 (0.5); 0.4–0.9	0.7 (0.6); 0.5–0.8	0.5 (0.5); 0.2–0.8
Monocytes (%)	7.7 (2.9); 6.6–8.9	8.5 (5.2); 7.2–9.8	8.1 (3.8); 6.2–9.9
RBC (×10^12/L)	5.1 (1.1); 4.6–55	5.0 (1.3); 4.7–54	5.4 (0.9); 4.9–5.8
Hb (g/dL)	13.2 (2.0); 12.4–13.9	12.9 (3.0); 12.2–13.7	13.2 (2.0); 12.2–14.2
MCV (fL)	73.4 (8.8); 70.1–76.8	71.3 (11.6); 68.4–74.2	71.3 (11.4); 65.8–76.9
MCH (pg)	22.7 (4.2); 21–24.3	22.4 (94.2); 21.3–23.4	23.9 (4.0); 65.8–76.9
MCHC (g/dL)	30.2 (4.0); 28.4–32.0	34.0 (4.0); 23–44	31.1 (3.9); 29.2–33.0
RDW (%)	16.5 (2.2); 15.7–17.4	18.1 (4.1); 17.1–19.1	16.4 (2.3); 15.3–17.5
PLT (×10^9/L)	218.1 (74.9); 189.6–246.6	249.4 (110.1); 221–276.9	232 (79.4); 193–270.4
MPV (%)	7.5 (1.4); 7.0	7.4 (1.7); 7.0	7.5 (1.6); 6.7
PDW (%)	36.3 (7.6); 33.4–39.2	35.8 (9.5); 33.4–38.1	39.0 (10.9); 33.7–44.3

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; PCV, packed cell volume; PDW, platelet distribution width; PLT, platelets; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 3 Comparison of mean values of first-time and regular blood donors

Parameters	First time (n = 43)	Regular (n = 69)	t-value	P-value
	Mean ± SD (range)	Mean ± SD (range)
PCV (%)	41.0 ± 7.1	30.5 ± 5.5	3.642	0.001***
WBC (×10^9/L)	4.4 ± 1.7	3.6 ± 1.8	2.367	0.02*
Lymphs (abs)	2.3 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 0.9	0.677	0.50^ns
Lymphs (%)	4.3 ± 1.0	1.9 ± 1.1	1.249	0.110^ns
Granulocytes (abs)	48.0 ± 11.8	50.5 ± 12.3	1.050	0.296^ns
Granulocytes (%)	41.8 ± 12.1	40.9 ± 11.1	0.386	0.701^ns
Monocytes (abs)	0.6 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.6	0.155	0.07^ns
Monocytes (%)	9.7 ± 4.6	7.3 ± 4.0	2.883	0.005**
RBC (×10^12/L)	5.5 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 1.1	2.565	0.012**
Hb (g/dL)	14.1 ± 3.1	12.4 ± 2.0	3.431	0.001***
MCV (fL)	74.7 ± 9.6	70.1 ± 11.3	2.194	0.03**
MCH (pg)	23.6 ± 3.6	22.1 ± 4.4	1.867	0.06^ns
MCHC (g/dL)	34.0 ± 4.0	30.1 ± 4.0	0.658	0.513^ns
RDW (%)	17.0 ± 3.4	17.7 ± 3.6	0.94	0.34^ns
PLT (×10^9/L)	220.1 ± 98.2	249.7 ± 96.0	1.570	0.119^ns
MPV (%)	7.6 ± 1.2	7.4 ± 1.8	0.423	0.673
PDW (%)	36.8 ± 10.0	36.2 ± 8.9	0.345	0.731^ns

Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; PCV, packed cell volume; PDW, platelet distribution width; PLT, platelets; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 4 Hematological changes in anemic blood donors

Parameters	Anemic	Nonanemic	t-value	P-value
	n = 21	n = 91
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
PCV (%)	30.0 ± 4.5	40.1 ± 5.4	7.932	0.001**
WBC (×10^9/L)	3.2 ± 1.6	4.1 ± 1.8	2.008	0.047*
Lymphs (abs)	2.1 ± 1.0	2.2 ± 0.9	0.661	0.510
Lymphs (%)	56.1 ± 16.5	48.0 ± 10.4	2.835	0.005**
Granulocytes (abs)	1.6 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 1.1	0.620	0.536
Granulocytes (%)	36.0 ± 14.7	42.5 ± 10.3	2.360	0.02*
Monocytes (abs)	0.5 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.6	1.264	0.209
Monocytes (%)	6.1 ± 2.5	8.7 ± 4.7	2.452	0.016*
RBC (×10^9/L)	4.1 ± 1.2	5.3 ± 1.1	4.604	0.001**
Hb (g/dL)	10.5 ± 1.9	13.6 ± 2.4	5.393	0.001**
MCV (fL)	74.9 ± 9.2	71.2 ± 11.1	1.405	0.163
MCH (pg)	20.7 ± 4.2	23.2 ± 4.0	2.447	0.016*
MCHC (g/dL)	26.8 ± 4.8	3.8 ± 3.5	0.954	0.342
RDW (%)	19.8 ± 4.4	16.9 ± 3.0	3.557	0.001**
PLT (×10^9/L)	255.0 ± 112.6	234.5 ± 93.9	0.870	0.386
MPV (%)	7.9 ± 2.4	7.4 ± 1.4	1.224	0.224
PDW (%)	34.3 ± 10.2	36 ± 9.11	1.149	0.253

Notes:

* Significant at P < 0.05;

** significant at P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; PCV, packed cell volume; PDW, platelet distribution width; PLT, platelets; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 5 Hematological changes in leukopenic blood donors

Parameters	Leukopenic	Nonleukopenic	t-value	P-value
	n = 14	n = 98
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
PCV (%)	32.7 ± 6.1	39.0 ± 6.2	3.502	0.001**
WBC (×10^9/L)	1.2 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 1.6	7.141	0.001**
Lymphs (abs)	1.6 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.9	2.376	0.019*
Lymphs (%)	2.2 ± 1.7	2.9 ± 1.5	0.276	0.781
Granulocytes (abs)	55.8 ± 20.1	48.5 ± 10.0	2.447	0.016*
Granulocytes (%)	35.9 ± 19.1	42.0 ± 9.8	1.905	0.05*
Monocytes (abs)	0.6 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.6	0.178	0.859
Monocytes (%)	5.2 ± 2.3	8.6 ± 4.5	2.702	0.01*
RBC (×10^12/L)	4.3 ± 1.2	5.2 ± 1.2	2.492	0.014*
Hb (g/dL)	11.0 ± 2.5	13.3 ± 2.5	3.153	0.002**
MCV (fL)	68.1 ± 11.3	72.4 ± 10.7	1.390	0.167
MCH (pg)	18.1 ± 2.7	23.4 ± 3.9	4.768	0.001**
MCHC (g/dL)	25.8 ± 4.9	33.5 ± 3.2	0.853	0.396
RDW (%)	18.2 ± 2.9	17.3 ± 3.6	0.853	0.396
PLT (×10^9/L)	226 ± 72.1	240.1 ± 100.8	0.492	0.624
MPV (%)	8.6 ± 2.4	7.3 ± 1.4	2.868	0.005**
PDW (%)	37.4 ± 8.7	36.3 ± 9.4	0.415	0.192

Notes:

* Significant at P < 0.05;

** significant at P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; PCV, packed cell volume; PDW, platelet distribution width; PLT, platelets; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 6 Observed positive correlations of the various hematological parameters using Pearson’s correlation test

	Parameters correlated	Correlation coefficient (r)
PCV	vs TWBC	0.309**
	vs Lymphs (abs)	−0.191*
	vs Hb	0.895**
	vs RBC	0.637**
	vs RDW	−0.219*
	vs PDW	0.218*
WBC	vs Platelets	0.276**
	vs Lymphs (abs)	0.444**
	vs Lymphs(%)	0.285**
	vs Monocytes (abs)	0.330**
	vs Monocytes (%)	0.496**
	vs Hb	0.303**
	vs RDW	0.189*
MCV	vs Platelets	0.309**
	vs MPV	0.236*
MCH	vs PCV	0.269**
	vs RBC	0.226*
	vs HGB	0.266**
	vs Platelets	0.347**
	vs MPV	0.240*
MPV	vs Granulocytes (abs)	0.288**
	vs Lymphocytes (abs)	0.267**
	vs Granulocytes (%)	−0.316**
	vs MCHC	0.190*

Notes:

** Correlation significant at P < 0.01;

* correlation significant at P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; MCH, mean cell hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; PCV, packed cell volume; PDW, platelet distribution width; PLT, platelets; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; SD, standard deviation; TWBC, total white blood cell.