Increased risk of 100-day and 1-year infection-related mortality and complications in haploidentical stem cell transplantation

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Variable	Haploidentical (n=45)	Nonhaploidentical (n=142)	P-value
Sex, n (%)			0.73
Male	22 (48.9%)	74 (52.1%)
Female	23 (51.1%)	68 (47.9%)
Age at transplant (years)			0.68
Median	47	47
Range	23–67	19–75
Age group (years), n (%)			0.73
<40	21 (46.7%)	61 (43%)
>40	24 (53.3%)	81 (57%)
Race, n (%)			0.76
White	14 (31.1%)	43 (30.3%)
Hispanic	26 (57.8%)	88 (62%)
Other	5 (11.1%)	11 (7.7%)
Time to neutrophil engraftment (days)			<0.01
Median	17	15
Range	15–29	11–25
Time to platelet engraftment (days)			<0.01
Median	25	17
Range	15–31	8–28
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching			<0.01
Median	5/10	10/10
Range	5/10–8/10	9/10–10/10

Note: Bold type indicates statistical significance.

Table 2 Diagnoses of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Diagnosis	Haploidentical (n=45)	Nonhaploidentical (n=142)	P-value
Myeloid malignancies
Acute myeloid leukemia	16 (35.6)	64 (45.1)	0.30
Chronic myeloid leukemia	0 (0)	7 (4.9)	0.20
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia	1 (2.2)	0 (0)	0.24
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	1
Lymphoid malignancies
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	16 (35.6)	45 (31.7)	0.72
Hodgkin’s lymphoma	2 (4.4)	2 (1.4)	0.24
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	1 (2.2)	0 (0)	0.24
Marginal zone lymphoma	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	1
Nonmalignant conditions
Aplastic anemia	4 (8.9)	7 (4.9)	0.47
Myelofibrosis	1 (2.2)	8 (5.6)	0.46
Myelodysplastic syndrome	3 (6.7)	3 (2.1)	0.15
Systemic mastocytosis	1 (2.2)	0 (0)	0.24
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	0 (0)	2 (1.4)	1
Polycythemia vera	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	1
Chronic variable immunodeficiency	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	1

Note: Values are presentend as n (%).

Table 3 Rates of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

Classification of GVHD	Haploidentical (n=45)	Nonhaploidentical (n=142)	P-value
Acute GVHD
Overall incidence	18 (40)	54 (38)	0.86
Grade 1	9 (20)	25 (17.6)	0.82
Grade 2	5 (11.1)	22 (15.5)	0.63
Grade 3	2 (4.4)	4 (2.8)	0.63
Grade 4	2 (4,4)	3 (2.1)	0.60
Chronic GVHD
Overall incidence	20 (44.4)	62 (43.7)	1
Limited	9 (20)	32 (22.5)	0.84
Extensive	11 (24.4)	30 (21.1)	0.68

Note: Values are presentend as n (%).

Figure 1 100-day infection-related mortality.

Figure 2 1-year infection-related mortality.

Table 4 Incidence of infections within 1 year after transplant

Type of infection	Haploidentical (n=44)	Nonhaploidentical (n=130)	P-value
Bacterial
Clostridium difficile	8 (18.2)	16 (12.3)	0.44
Bacteremia	9 (20.5)	12 (9.2)	0.06
Urinary tract infection	8 (18.2)	11 (8.5)	0.09
Pneumonia	4 (9.1)	9 (6.9)	0.74
Pyelonephritis	1 (2.3)	2 (1.5)	1
Typhlitis	1 (2.3)	1 (0.8)	1
Helicobacter pylori	0	1 (0.8)	1
Cellulitis	0	1 (0.8)	1
Sinusitis	0	1 (0.8)	1
Orchitis	0	1 (0.8)	1
Fungal
Coccidioidomycosis	6 (13.6)	8 (6.2)	0.20
Candidiasis	1 (2.3)	6 (4.6)	0.68
Mucormycosis	1 (2.3)	0	0.25
Aspergillosis	0	1 (0.8)	1
Tinea pedis	0	1 (0.8)	1
Viral
Cytomegalovirus	26 (59.1)	31 (23.8)	<0.01
BK viruria	18 (40.9)	11 (8.4)	<0.01
BK viremia	7 (15.9)	1 (0.8)	<0.01
Ebstein–Barr virus	4 (9.1)	7 (5.4)	0.47
Herpes zoster	2 (4.5)	4 (3.1)	1
Viral gastroenteritis	1 (2.3)	1 (0.8)	1
Herpes simplex virus	0	2 (1.5)	1
Hepatitis B virus	0	1 (0.8)	1

Notes: Bold type indicates statistical significance. Values are presentend as n (%).

Figure 3 Incidence of viral infections within 1 year after transplant.

Figure 4 Incidence of bacterial and fungal infections and rates of subsequent mortality within 1 year after transplant.

Abbreviation: CMV, Cytomegalovirus.