Prevalence, Morphological Classification, And Factors Associated With Anemia Among Pregnant Women Accessing Antenatal Clinic At Itojo Hospital, South Western Uganda

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics Of The Study Participants

Variable	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentage
Education level	No formal education	03	1.8
	Primary education	102	62.6
	Secondary education	43	26.4
	Post-secondary education	15	9.2
Occupation	Peasant	111	68.1
	Self-employed	14	8.6
	Professional	20	12.3
	Trade	18	11.0
Marital status	Married	156	95.7
	Never married	4	2.5
	Divorced	3	1.8
Gestation age	First trimester	32	19.6
	Second trimester	60	36.8
	Third trimester	71	43.6
Spouse’s employment	Peasant	77	47.8
	Self-employed	57	34.9
	Professional	29	17.8
	Trade	27	16.8
Monthly household income (Ugandan shillings)	0 to 99,000	71	43.6
	100,000 to 499,000	71	43.6
	500,000 to 900,000	21	12.8
Number of children	0 to 3	142	87.1
	4 to 6	20	12.3
	≥7	1	0.6
Deworming	Yes	19	11.7
	No	144	88.3
History of PPH	Yes	24	14.7
	No	139	85.3
Use of ITNs	Yes	148	9.2
	No	15	90.8
Administration of AZT	Yes	4	2.4
	No	159	97.6
	Yes	84	51.5
Use of haematinics	No	79	48.5
	Yes	4	2.5
History of PPH	No	159	97.5
	First	75	46.0
	Second	38	23.3
Number of ANC visits	Third or more	50	30.7

Figure 1 Pie chart showing the Overall Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Women at Itojo Hospital.

Figure 2 Morphological classification of anemia based on peripheral blood smear.

Table 2 Multinomial Modelling Describing The Risk Factors For Anemia (Adjusted For The Age Of The Participants)

Risk Factor	AOR	95% CI	P-value
Gestation age	1.03	0.8–1.2	0.7
Marital status	1.12	0.9–1.19	0.9
Number of children	1.09	0.7–1.3	0.8
Occupation	1.94	0.8–2.6	0.09
Spouse’s occupation	3.16	2.4–4.6	0.03
Income	7.93	5.6–15.8	0.04
Use of ITN	2.5	1.4–3.2	0.001
History of UTI	4.01	3.5–6.7	0.002
Use of Haematinics	3.31	2.01–4.13	<0.001
Administration of AZT	1.25	0.8–1.7	0.2
Deworming	1.87	1.2–2.6	0.7
History of PPH	2.89	1.8–3.8	0.03
Alcohol intake	0.96	0.5–1.07	0.6
History of preeclampsia	2.9	1.6–4.01	0.9
Duration of iron supplements	1.67	1.10–2.7	0.8
Number of ANC visits	1.44	0.9–1.89	0.2

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ITN, insecticide-treated mosquito nets; UTI, urinary tract infection; AZT, zidovudine; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage; ANC, antenatal care.