Anaemia Among Children Who Attended the Children’s Teaching Hospital in Karbala, Iraq

Figures & data

Table 1 Study Participant Demographic Data

	Frequency (%)
Sex
Male	132 (56.4)
Female	102 (43.6)
Total	234 (100)
Age
Less than 5 years	166 (70.9)
5–11 years	54 (23.1)
12–14 years	14 (6)
Total	234 (100)
Time of diagnosis
Recently diagnosed	152 (65)
Less than 6 months	42 (17.9)
More than 6 months	40 (17.1)
Type of anaemia diagnosed
Mild IDA*	138 (59)
Moderate IDA*	73 (31.2)
Severe IDA*	9 (3.8)
Thalassemia	5 (2.1)
Normochromic normocytic anaemia	9 (3.8)
Total	234 (100)
Using medications for anaemia
Yes	72 (30.8)
No	162 (69.2)
Total	234 (100)

Abbreviation: *IDA, iron deficiency anaemia.

Figure 1 Patients with thalassemia.

Table 2 Study Participant Haematology Laboratory Values

	Frequency (%)
Ferritin level
Low <30 (μg/L)	229 (97.9)
Normal (30–400) (μg/L)	4 (1.7)
High >400 (μg/L)	1 (0.4)
Total	234 (100)
RBC level
Low <4.06 (10^6/uL)	26 (11.1)
Normal (4.06–5.30) (10^6/uL)	206 (88)
High >5.30 (10^6/uL)	2 (0.9)
Total	234 (100)
Haemoglobin
Low <12 (g/dl)	234 (100)
Normal (12–16) (g/dl)	0
MCV level
Low <76 fL	207 (88.5)
Normal (76–96) fL	27 (11.5)
Total	234 (100)
MCH level
Low <26 pg	218 (93.2)
Normal (26–32) pg	15 (6.4)
High >32 pg	1 (0.4)
Total	234 (100)
HCT level
Low <38%	233 (99.6)
Normal (38–52)%	1 (0.4)
Total	234 (100)

Abbreviations: RBCs, red blood cells; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular haemoglobin; HCT, haematocrit.

Table 3 Relationship Between the Type of Anaemia Diagnosed and Haematology Parameters

		Type of Anaemia Diagnosed					Pearson’s Chi-Square Value	df	P value	Pearson’s R Value
		Mild IDA	Moderate IDA	Severe IDA	Thalassemia	Normochromic Normocytic Anaemia
Sex	Female	56	34	6	2	4	2.75	4	0.66	−0.055
	Male	82	39	3	3	5
Age	<5 years	95	51	9	5	6	14.6	8	0.066	−0.006
	5–11 years	38	15	0	0	1
	12–14 years	5	7	0	0	2
Ferritin	Low	138	73	9	0	9	234	8	<0.0001	0.35
	Normal	0	0	0	4	0
	High	0	0	0	1	0
RBC	Low	6	10	4	2	4	55.3	8	<0.0001	−0.29
	Normal	132	62	5	2	5
	High	0	1	0	1	0
MCV	Low	120	73	9	4	1	64.1	4	<0.0001	0.26
	Normal	18	0	0	1	8
MCH	Low	131	72	9	5	1	107.5	8	<0.0001	0.435
	Normal	7	1	0	0	7
	High	0	0	0	0	1
HCT	Low	137	73	9	5	9	0.69	4	0.951	−0.042
	Normal	1	0	0	0	0

Abbreviations: IDA, iron deficiency anaemia; RBCs, red blood cells; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular haemoglobin; HCT, haematocrit.

Table 4 Mean Participant Skull Diameter and Length in Relation to Age and Sex

Sex	Age Group	N	Skull Length		Skull Diameter
			Study Participants Mean ±SD (cm)	Reference Length (cm) Less Than 5 Years	Study Participants Mean ±SD (cm)	Reference Skull diameter (cm) Less Than 5 Years
Female	Less than 5 years	63	85.1±15.2	118.4	46.3±4.6	52.6
	5–11 years	32	126.9±12.1		52.6±2.2
	12–14 years	7	145±9.7		55.6±4.3
	Total	102	102.3±26.4		48.9±5.2
Male	Less than 5 years	100	85.8±15.1	118.7	47±3.8	53.5
	5–11 years	28	124.7±9.9		52±1.6
	12–14 years	4	140.5±8.8		52.5±2.6
	Total	132	95.7±22.6		48.3±1