Serum Ferritin Levels and Other Associated Parameters with Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Patients Suffering from Beta Thalassemia Major

Figures & data

Table 1 General Characteristics and Laboratory Data of the Patients in This Study

Variables	N	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation
Age (years)	200	24.6840	23.5000	5.30761
Weight (kg)	200	53.9950	56.0000	11.52733
Length (cm)	200	161.6500	162.5000	11.33046
Gender: F/M (115/ 85)	200	–	–	–
BMI (kg/m2)	200	20.4995	20.3800	3.12525
Hb (g/dL)	200	7.1290	7.1000	0.91386
S.Ferritin (ng/mL)	200	3909.0200	3410.0000	1935.72465
S.calcium (mg/dL)	200	7.9371	8.1000	1.30125
S. phosph (mg/dL)	200	4.9985	4.9450	0.99161
Vitamin D (ng/mL)	200	19.6673	18.3000	9.57021
ALT (U/L)	200	31.1830	27.0000	23.69074
AST (U/L)	200	32.1016	30.6000	13.42624
Cr (mg/dL)	200	0.7742	0.6650	0.36617
Iron Chelation Therapy (ICT)	n/N
Deferoxamine	24/200
Deferasirox	33/200
Combined	17/200
Splenectomy	20/200

Table 2 Mean Age Distribution

Mean Age
		Mean	N	Std. Deviation
Valid	Male	24.9678	115	5.53956
	Female	24.3000	85	4.98316
	Total	24.6840	200	5.30761

Table 3 Gender Distribution

Gender
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Male	115	57.5	57.5	57.5
	Female	85	42.5	42.5	100.0
	Total	200	100.0	100.0

Table 4 Age Groups Distribution

Age Groups (Years)
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	18 -<22	85	42.5	42.5	42.5
	22-<27	55	27.5	27.5	70.0
	27-<32	43	21.5	21.5	91.5
	≥32	17	8.5	8.5	100.0
	Total	200	100.0	100.0

Table 5 Distribution of Ferritin Levels Among BTM Patients

Ferritin Level (ng/mL)
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	0–1500	20	10.0	10.0	10.0
	1501–2500	35	17.5	17.5	27.5
	2501–3500	49	24.5	24.5	52.0
	>3500	96	48.0	48.0	100.0
	Total	200	100.0	100.0

Table 6 Body Mass Index Distribution

		Frequency	Percent
Valid	Under weight	47	23.5
	Normal weight	134	67.0
	Over weight	19	9.5
	Total	200	100.0

Figure 1 Frequency distribution of body mass index.

Figure 2 Distribution of Diabetes mellitus among the patients according to age groups.

Figure 3 Distribution of Diabetes mellitus among the patients with different ferritin levels.

Figure 4 Distribution of Diabetes mellitus among the patients with different classes of BMI.

Table 7 Study of DM Among Lean Groups of Adult BTM Patients

Variables		Lean Group With DM (DM=Yes) (Underweight Group with DM not Found)	Lean Groups Without DM (DM=No)
		Normal Weight	Underweight	Normal Weight
Age	Mean ±SD	29.5500±3.9098	21.1323±2.3794	25.0654±4.3367
(years)	Min.	25.00	18.30	18.00
	Max.	35.60	26.50	32.00
BMI (kg/m^2)	Mean ±SD	22.0083±1.5822	16.7560±1.2898	20.7257±1.3470
	Min.	20.30	14.20	18.60
	Max.	24.70	18.30	23.50
S.Ferritin (ng/mL)	Mean ±SD	5926.8333±2323.5822*	2190.8723±425.143	2691.2913±709.010
	Min.	2600.00	1268.00	1120.00
	Max.	9863.00	2900.00	3980.00
Fasting Blood glucose (mg/dL)	Mean ±SD	168.6667±20.2649*	115.2553±4.05113	116.7244±5.8141
	Min.	137.00	104.00	103.00
	Max.	195.00	121.00	124.00

Note: *Statistically significant at P-value < 0.05.

Figure 5 Distribution of Diabetes mellitus among the patients according to gender.

Table 8 Association Between DM and Various Parameters

		Age groups	BMI	Gender	Hb	S. Ferritin
DM	Pearson Correlation	0.195**	0.357**	0.102	0.004	0.174*
	Significance (2-tailed)	0.006	< 0.001	0.153	0.951	0.014
	N	200	200	200	200	200

Notes: *Statistically significant at P-value < 0.05, **High level of significance at P-value < 0.01.

Table 9 Correlation Between Serum Ferritin and Hepatic and Cardiac MRI T2*

		Liver MRI T2*	Cardiac MRI T2*
	N	200	200
Ferritin	Pearson Correlation	−0.681**	−0.284**
	Significance (2-tailed)	0.000	0.002

Notes: *Modified technique where MRI signal decay rates are proportional to liver or cardiac iron concentration, **Statistically significant at P-value < 0.01.

Figure 6 Correlation between liver MRI T2* and ferritin.

Note: The red curve is the trend-line of type (power) to fit the data.

Figure 7 Correlation between cardiac MRI T2* and ferritin.

Note: The red curve is the trend-line of type (power) to fit the data.

Table 10 Bivariate Correlations Analysis of Liver and Cardiac MRI T2*

		Liver MRI T2*	Cardiac MRI T2*
Liver MRI T2*	Pearson Correlation	1	0.064
	Significance (2-tailed)		0.367
	N	200	200
Cardiac MRI T2*	Pearson Correlation	0.064	1
	Significance (2-tailed)	0.367
	N	200	200

Notes: *Modified technique where MRI signal decay rates are proportional to liver or cardiac iron concentration.

Table 11 Comparative Study of Our Work with Previous Studies

DM in Current and Previous Works	Sample Size N	% Prevalence	Correlated Parameters With DM	Status
DM (in current work)	200	6.5	Age groups	(Correlated)
			(27-< 32) years old	Most prevalent
			Ferritin	(Correlated)
			Level >2500 ng/mL	(Critical)
			BMI	(Correlated)
			Hb	(Not correlated)
			Gender	(Not correlated)
DM in work^Citation12	713	15.8	Age	(Correlated)
			Ferritin	(Correlated)
			Splenectomy	(Correlated)
			ICT	(Not Correlated)
			Gender	(Not Correlated)
DM in work^Citation13	56	8.9	Ferritin	(Not Correlated)
			Gender	(Not Correlated)
DM in work^Citation15	64	4.7	Ferritin (Not correlated)	(Not correlated)
DM in work^Citation17	267	10	Ferritin (Correlated)	(Correlated)
DM in work^Citation18	148	8.8	Age (Correlated)	(Correlated)
			Splenectomy	(Correlated)
			Ferritin (Correlated)	(Correlated)

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