Relationship between NADPH and Th1/Th2 ratio in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who have been exposed to pesticides

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with NHL

Variables	Controls n=40		Patients n=100		P^b
	Exposed controls n=20	Not exposed controls n=20	Exposed patients n=32	Not exposed patients n=68
Age (year)	56.12±2.93	56.6±3.1	58.48±3.27	55.25±2.82	0.901
P^a	0.911		0.492
Sex (M/F)	12/8	11/9	18/14	35/33	0.911
P^a	0.749		0.817
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.84±0.64	22.45±0.55	22.53±0.76	22.2±0.5	0.920
P^a	0.647		0.713
LDH (U/L)	208.73±57.29	194.42±59.74	498.72±75.77	489.24±84.61	0.049
P^a	0.865		0.944
ALP (U/100 mL)	87.25±13.41	83.57±14.13	136.54±16.54	132.71±10.47	0.021
P^a	0.850		0.841
NLR	1.82±0.09	1.76±0.06	2.34±0.03	2.16±0.06	0.000
P^a	0.582		0.000
NHL type	–
B-cell NHL	–		84.38	86.76	–
P^a	–		0.748
T-cell NHL	–		15.63	13.24	–
P^a	–		0.748
Clinical stage	–
CS I (%)	–		40.63	42.65	–
P^a	–		0.848
CS II (%)	–		21.88	20.59	–
P^a	–		0.883
CS III (%)	–		25	22.06	–
P^a	–		0.744
CS IV (%)	–		12.5	14.71	–
P^a	–		0.767

Notes: P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Student’s t-test; P^a: exposed controls versus not exposed controls or exposed patients versus not exposed patients, one-way ANOVA; P^b: comparison between the four groups.

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; CS, clinical stage; F, female; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; M, male; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Figure 1 Mean levels of serum NADPH.

Abbreviations: NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen; EC, exposed controls; NEC, unexposed controls; EP, exposed patients; NEP, un exposed patients.

Figure 2 Circulating levels of IFN-g and IL-4, and Th1/Th2 ratio.

Abbreviations: IFN-g, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; EC exposed controls; NEC, unexposed controls; EP, exposed patients; NEP, unexposed patients; Th, T helper.

Table 2 Oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with NHL and controls

Variable	Controls n=40		Patients n=100		P^b
	Exposed controls n=20	Not exposed controls n=20	Exposed patients n=32	Not exposed patients n=68
Albumin (g/L)	34.85±0.75	35.69±0.68	28.22±0.61	29.43±0.5	0.000
P^a	0.412		0.153
GSH-Px (IU/mL)	1.83±0.1	1.77±0.08	1.51±0.08	1.58±0.06	0.038
P^a	0.644		0.516
SOD (U/mL)	84.68±1.12	83.97±1.19	78.16±1.3	80.25±1.05	0.006
P^a	0.666		0.242
CAT (IU/mL)	22,101.29±402.27	22,153.66±392.95	20,774.32±438.71	20,645.94±336.22	0.023
P^a	0.926		0.543
ORAC (AU)	2.25±0.08	2.42±0.06	1.66±0.06	1.82±0.04	0.000
P^a	0.099		0.039
MDA (μmol/L)	2.37±0.07	2.32±0.08	2.88±0.07	2.71±0.05	0.000
P^a	0.641		0.047
PC (nmol/mg protein)	0.18±0.05	0.15±0.04	0.25±0.03	0.22±0.02	0.189
P^a	0.640		0.395
XO (mIU/mL)	0.34±0.04	0.31±0.05	0.46±0.03	0.43±0.03	0.044
P^a	0.638		0.476

Notes: P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Student’s t-test; P^a: exposed controls versus not exposed controls or exposed patients versus not exposed patients, one-way ANOVA; P^b: comparison between the four groups.

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; CAT, catalase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity/total antioxidant capacity; PC, protein carbonyl; SOD, superoxide dismutase; XO, xanthine oxidase.

Figure 3 Association analysis of NADPH with non-Hodgkin lymphoma among patients exposed or not to pesticides.

Abbreviations: EP, exposed patients; NEP, unexposed patients; MH, Mantel-Haenszel common odds ratio estimate; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen.

Figure 4 Relationship between NADPH and Th1/Th2 ratio in patients with NHL.

Abbreviations: EP, exposed patients; NEP, unexposed patients; Th, T helper; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.