Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Thymus serrulatus in mice

Figures & data

Table 1 Effect of the crude aqueous extract of Thymus serrulatus on the urine volume in mice

Treatment	Cumulative volume of urine (mL)	Urinary excretion (Vo/Vi) ×100	Diuretic action (UEt/UEc)	Diuretic activity (DAt/DAH)
Control NS	4.0±0.51	80	1.0	–
HCTZ 10 mg/kg	6.25±0.86***	125	1.56	1.0
T. serrulatus 125 mg/kg	3.5±0.32	87.5	1.09	0.69
T. serrulatus 250 mg/kg	5.25±0.97*	105	1.31	0.83
T. serrulatus 500 mg/kg	5±0.63*	90	1.12	0.71
T. serrulatus 1,000 mg/kg	5.75±0.84**	115	1.44	0.92

Notes: Cumulative values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

* P<0.05,

** P<0.01,

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: NS, normal saline; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 2 Effect of the dichloromethane fraction of aqueous extract of Thymus serrulatus on the urine volume in mice

Treatment	Cumulative volume of urine (mL)	Urinary excretion (Vo/Vi) ×100	Diuretic action (UEt/UEc)	Diuretic activity (DAt/DAH)
Control (2% Tween 80 in 0.9% NS)	3.5±0.15	70	1.0	–
HCTZ 10 mg/kg	6.25±0.21**	125	1.79	1.0
T. serrulatus 125 mg/kg	3.0±0.08	60	0.86	0.48
T. serrulatus 250 mg/kg	3.5±0.45	70	1.0	0.55
T. serrulatus 500 mg/kg	4.0±0.75	80	1.14	0.63
T. serrulatus 1,000 mg/kg	4.0±0.81	80	1.14	0.63

Notes: Cumulative values are expressed as mean ± SEM for n=5.

** P<0.01.

Abbreviations: NS, normal saline; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 3 Effect of the n-butanol fraction of aqueous extract of Thymus serrulatus on the urine volume in mice

Treatment	Cumulative volume of urine (mL)	Urinary excretion (Vo/Vi) ×100	Diuretic action (UEt/UEc)	Diuretic activity (DAt/DAH)
Control NS	4.2±0.65	84	1.0	–
HCTZ 10 mg/kg	7.25±1.53***	14	1.7	1
T. serrulatus 125 mg/kg	5.0±0.47*	130	1.2	0.70
T. serrulatus 250 mg/kg	6.5±1.02**	130	1.6	0.94
T. serrulatus 500 mg/kg	5.8±0.85*	116	1.4	0.82
T. serrulatus 1,000 mg/kg	6.7±0.71**	134	1.6	0.94

Notes: Cumulative values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

* P<0.05,

** P<0.01,

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: NS, normal saline; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 4 Effect of the crude aqueous extract of Thymus serrulatus on electrolyte excretion in mice

Treatment	Electrolyte concentration (mEq/L)
	Na^+	K^+	Na^+/K^+
Control NS	66.7±1.25	45.2±1.21	1.47
HCTZ 10 mg/kg	127.2±2.11***	54.4±1.09**	2.33
T. serrulatus125 mg/kg	72.0±1.69*	50.9±1.06**	1.41
T. serrulatus 250 mg/kg	95.6±1.87**	60.4±1.11***	1.58
T. serrulatus 500 mg/kg	91.5±1.44**	53.3±1.38**	1.71
T. serrulatus 1,000 mg/kg	100.4±1.96**	64.2±2.01***	1.56

Notes: Cumulative values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

* P<0.05,

** P<0.01,

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: NS, normal saline; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 5 Effect of the dichloromethane fraction of aqueous extract of Thymus serrulatus on the electrolyte excretion in mice

Treatment	Electrolyte concentration (mEq/L)
	Na^+	K^+	Na^+/K^+
Control NS	76.2±1.51	40.5±1.32	1.87
HCTZ 10 mg/kg	97.9±1.25**	45.6±1.28*	2.14
T. serrulatus 125 mg/kg	68.5±1.40	43.7±0.78	1.56
T. serrulatus 250 mg/kg	75.3±1.51	40.9±0.85	1.84
T. serrulatus 500 mg/kg	76.3±1.03	40.3±1.18	1.89
T. serrulatus 1,000 mg/kg	76.0±1.67	41.5±1.33	1.83

Notes: Cumulative values are expressed as ± mean SEM.

* P<0.05,

** P<0.01.

Abbreviations: NS, normal saline; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 6 Effect of the n-butanol fraction of aqueous extract of Thymus serrulatus on the electrolyte excretion in mice

Treatment	Electrolyte concentration (mEq/L)
	Na^+	K^+	Na^+/K^+
Control NS	70.2±1.27	45.5±1.30	1.54
HCTZ 10 mg/kg	113.5±1.48***	53.5±1.42*	2.12
T. serrulatus 125 mg/kg	87.4±1.06**	50.0±1.23*	1.74
T. serrulatus 250 mg/kg	115.2±1.34***	64.9±1.51**	1.77
T. serrulatus 500 mg/kg	92.7±1.16**	58.1±1.01**	1.59
T. serrulatus 1,000 mg/kg	112.8±1.55***	69.4±1.71**	1.62

Notes: Cumulative values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

* P<0.05,

** P<0.01,

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviations: NS, normal saline; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; SEM, standard error of mean; X, mean.

Table 7 Phytochemical screening of aqueous crude extracts and solvent fractions of Thymus serrulatus leaves

Type of extract	Alkaloids	Saponins	Polyphenols	Flavonoids	Terpenoids	Anthraquinones	Tannins	Phytosterols	Cardiac glycosides
Aqueous crude	+	+	+	−	−	−	+	+	−
Dichloromethane fraction	−	+	−	+	−	−	+	+	−
n-Butanol fraction	+	+	+	−	−	−	+	+	−
Negative control (vehicle)	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−

Notes: +, present; −, absent.