In vivo antiplasmodial activity evaluation of the leaves of Balanites rotundifolia (Van Tiegh.) Blatter (Balanitaceae) against Plasmodium berghei

Figures & data

Table 1 Effect of Balanites rotundifolia on percentage parasitemia, and survival time of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in the 4-day suppressive test

Group	Parasitemia level	% parasite suppression	Survival days
NC	27.84±2.60	0	7.71±0.29
BR100	17.67±2.95	36.5a1	10.71±0.87
BR200	16.11±2.30	42.1a2	10.71±0.64
BR400	9.22±2.15	66.9a3	17.29±1.61a3b3c3
CQ25	0.00±0.00	100a3b3c3	20.00±0.00a3b3c3

Notes: Data are expressed as percentage and mean ± SEM (n=7).

a As compared to NC;

b as compared to BR100 mg/kg;

c as compared to BR200 mg/kg;

1 P<0.05;

2 P<0.01;

3 P<0.001.

Abbreviations: BR, Balanites rotundifolia; CQ, chloroquine; NC, negative control; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 2 Effect of Balanites rotundifolia on BWt and PCV of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in the 4-day suppressive test

Dose, mg/kg	BWt D0	BWt D4	% change	PCVB	PCVA	% change
NC	31.79±0.69	29.47±0.50	–7.3±1.717	62.57±0.75	52.43±1.29	–16.2±2.18
BR100	33.57±1.33	29.51±1.22	–12.1±2.474	60.14±1.14	47.57±1.23	–20.9±1.16c2d3
BR200	28.46±1.36	24.94±1.23	–12.4±1.476	45.43±1.48	40.57±1.61	–10.7±1.86b2d2
BR400	34.04±0.72	31.57±1.18	–7.3±2.262	56.42±2.03	55.85±1.5	–1.0±2.32a2b3c2
CQ25	28.47±1.41	29.54±1.31	3.8±0.86a2b3c2d3	54.86±3.43	56.21±3.45	2.5±0.88a3b3c3

Notes: Data are expressed as percentage and mean ± SEM (n=7).

a As compared to NC;

b as compared to BR100 mg/kg;

c as compared to BR200 mg/kg; and

d as compared to BR400 mg/kg;

2 P<0.01;

3 P<0.001. D0, before treatment; D4, after completing treatment.

Abbreviations: BR, Balanites rotundifolia; BWt, body weight; CQ, chloroquine; NC, negative control; PCVB, packed cell volume at day 0; PCVA, packed cell volume at day 4; SEM, standard error of mean.

Figure 1 Effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Balanites rotundifolia on rectal temperature of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in 4-day suppressive test (n=7).

Abbreviations: BR, Balanites rotundifolia; CQ, chloroquine; NC, negative control.

Table 3 Effect of Balanites rotundifolia on percentage parasitemia, and survival time of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in Rane’s test

Group	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5	Day 6	Day 7	% inhibition	Survival days
NC	20.33±1.43	23.33±1.54	28.50±1.54	33.33±1.83	34.16±1.17	–	7.67±0.33
BR100	20.16±0.97	22.33±0.71	25.50±1.15	24.67±0.88	21.17±0.79	37.73a3c2a3	8.16±0.17a3
BR200	21.17±1.30	21.33±0.49	21.50±0.34	19.83±0.75	18.67±0.72	45.35a3	8.67±0.42a3
BR400	21.67±1.31	18.67±0.80	15.83±0.87	12.67±0.88	11.67±0.76	65.84a3b2a1	14.00±0.58a3b3c3
CQ25	22.00±2.81	17.67±1.52	11.50±2.55	5.17±1.66	2.17±0.98	93.65a3b3c3d3	20.00±0.0a3b3c3d3

Notes: Data are expressed as percentage and mean ± SEM (n=7).

a As compared to negative control;

b as compared to BR100 mg/kg;

c as compared to BR200 mg/kg;

d as compared to BR400 mg/kg;

1 P<0.05;

2 P<0.01;

3 P<0.001.

Abbreviations: BR, Balanites rotundifolia; CQ, chloroquine; NC, negative control; SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 4 Effect of Balanites rotundifolia on temperature and body weight measurements of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice in Rane’s test

Group	Temperature			Body weight
	Day 0	Day 4	% change RT	BWt D4	BWt D7	% change BWt
NC	35.65±0.38	34.48±0.30	−3.28±0.23	31.18±1.07	30.95±0.86	−0.74±3.73
BR100	35.38±0.36	34.08±0.20	−3.67±1.05	33.51±0.35	31.55±0.86	−5.85±2.30
BR200	34.57±0.16	34.50±0.12	−0.20±0.47	32.01±1.62	32.33±1.87	0.10±1.21
BR400	34.30±0.46	34.95±0.32	1.90±0.86a3b3	31.82±1.31	32.86±1.23	3.27±1.98
CQ25	35.25±0.18	35.65±0.22	1.13±0.62a2b2	37.91±1.01	38.63±1.34	1.90±3.37

Notes: Data are expressed as percentage and mean ± SEM (n=7).

a As compared to negative control;

b as compared to BR100 mg/kg;

2 P<0.01;

3 P<0.001.

Abbreviations: BR, Balanites rotundifolia; BWt, body weight; NC, negative control; RT, rectal temperature; SEM, standard error of mean.