Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats

Figures & data

Figure 1 The urine pH after the administration of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of Moringa stenopetala leaves in rats.

Note: *P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: ACMS, aqueous crude extract of M. stenopetala; MLI, M. stenopetala leaf infusion; Tsp, teaspoon(s).

Table 1 Urinary output after the administration of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa stenopetala in rats

Treatment	Urinary output (mL)
	1st hour	2nd hour	3rd hour	4th hour	5th hour
Distilled water	0.39 ± 0.63	0.67 ± 0.70	0.98 ± 0.93	1.04 ± 1.01	1.48 ± 0.77
Furosemide (10 mg/kg)	1.85 ± 0.87	3.64 ± 1.38*	5.05 ± 1.13**	6.48 ± 2.19***	7.05 ± 2.28***
ACMS (62.5 mg/kg)	1.46 ± 1.37	2.85 ± 1.45	4.13 ± 1.19*	6.60 ± 1.50***	7.52 ± 0.99***
ACMS (125 mg/kg)	1.77 ± 1.44	2.82 ± 1.47	4.00 ± 1.95*	5.36 ± 1.91**	6.95 ± 1.90***
ACMS (250 mg/kg)	0.6 ± 0.57	2.01 ± 1.04	3.68 ± 1.26	4.8 ± 0.60*	5.34 ± 0.45 ***
ACMS (500 mg/kg)	0.85 ± 1.49	1.92 ± 1.59	3.16 ± 2.15	4.99 ± 2.25*	6.01 ± 1.94**

Notes: Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6).

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.01;

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviation: ACMS, aqueous crude extract of M. stenopetala.

Table 2 Urinary output after the administration of hot tea infusion of Moringa stenopetala in rats

Treatment	Urinary output (mL)
	1st hour	2nd hour	3rd hour	4th hour	5th hour
Distilled water	0.39 ± 0.63	0.67 ± 0.70	0.98 ± 0.93	1.04 ± 1.01	1.48 ± 0.77
Furosemide (10 mg/kg)	1.85 ± 0.87	3.64 ± 1.38	5.05 ± 1.13*	6.48 ± 2.19**	7.05 ± 2.28**
MLI (1 teaspoon)	0.34 ± 0.56	1.3 ± 1.59	3.30 ± 2.08	5.00 ± 2.73	6.33 ± 2.03**
MLI (2 teaspoons)	0.48 ± 0.65	2.72 ± 1.17	5.64 ± 0.77**	6.80 ± 0.97**	8.2 ± 0.67***
MLI (4 teaspoons)	0.44 ± 0.98	2.6 ± 2.70	5.10 ± 2.88*	6.74 ± 2.72**	7.7 ± 2.68**
MLI (6 teaspoons)	0.36 ± 0.80	1.64 ± 2.18	2.96 ± 2.02	4.12 ± 2.44	4.88 ± 2.45

Notes: Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6).

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.01;

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviation: MLI, M. stenopetala leaf infusion.

Table 3 Diuretic activity of aqueous crude extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves in rats

Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Cumulative urine volume (mL)	Urinary excretion	Diuretic index	Diuretic activity
Distilled water	NA	1.48 ± 0.77	0.09	1.00
Furosemide	10	7.05 ± 2.28***	0.46	5.23	1.00
Aqueous crude extract of M. stenopetala	62.5	7.52 ± 0.99***	0.42	4.75	0.91
	125	6.95 ± 1.90***	0.47	5.27	1.01
	250	6.54 ±0.45***	0.41	4.60	0.88
	500	6.01 ± 1.94**	0.34	3.84	0.73

Notes: Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6).

** P < 0.01;

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

Table 4 Diuretic activity of hot tea infusion of Moringa stenopetala leaves in rats

Substance administered	Amount	Cumulative urine volume (mL)	Urinary excretion	Diuretic index	Diuretic activity
Distilled water	NA	1.48 ± 0.77	0.09	1.00
Furosemide	10 mg/kg	7.05 ± 2.28**	0.46	5.23	1.00
M. stenopetala leaf infusion	1 teaspoon	6.33 ± 2.03**	0.39	4.35	0.83
	2 teaspoons	8.2 ± 0.67***	0.45	5.03	0.96
	4 teaspoons	7.7 ± 2.68**	0.44	4.91	0.94
	6 teaspoons	4.88 ± 2.45	0.30	3.40	0.65

Notes: Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6).

** P < 0.01;

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

Table 5 Urinary electrolyte excretion after administration of aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves in rats

Treatment	Electrolyte excretion (mmol/L)			Natriuretic	Saliuretic	CAI	Saliuretic index
	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−	Na^+/K^+	Na^+ + Cl^−	Cl^−/Na^+ + K^+	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−
Distilled water	81.23 ± 5.83	52.26 ± 4.02	122.24 ± 7.63	1.56	203.00	0.92
Furosemide (10 mg/kg)	200.64 ± 5.34***	101.01 ± 3.40***	245.55 ± 6.0***	1.38	451.00	0.81	2.47	1.93	2.00
ACMS (62.5 mg/kg)	137.2 ± 5.44***	55.6 ± 2.89	154 ± 5.57	2.49***	0.89	0.80	1.69	1.07	1.26
ACMS (125 mg/kg)	151 ± 6.47***	50.4 ± 3.80	163.2 ± 10.63**	3.04***	0.93	0.81	1.86	0.97	1.34
ACMS (250 mg/kg)	150.2 ± 4.97***	55 ± 3.87	173 ± 7.30**	2.77***	0.87	0.84	1.85	1.06	1.42
ACMS (500 mg/kg)	159.6 ± 9.00***	77.6 ± 6.65**	170.6 ± 12.22**	2.10*	0.94	0.72	1.97	1.49	1.40

Notes: Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6).

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.01;

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviations: CAI, carbonic anhydrase inhibition; ACMS, aqueous crude extract of M. stenopetala.

Table 6 Urinary electrolyte excretion of hot tea infusion of Moringa stenopetala leaves in rats

Treatment	Electrolyte excretion (mmol/L)			Natriuretic	Saliuretic	CAI	Saliuretic index
	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−	Na^+/K^+	Na^+ + Cl^−	Cl^−/Na^+ + K^+	Na^+	K^+	Cl^−
Furosemide (10 mg/kg)	200.64 ± 5.34***	101.01 ± 3.40***	245.55 ± 6.01***	1.38	451.00	0.81	2.47	1.93	2.00
MLI (1 teaspoon)	138.8 ± 2.28***	61.6 ± 3.42	157.6 ± 2.48	2.28**	0.88	0.79	1.71	1.18	1.29
MLI (2 teaspoons)	132.4 ± 7.24***	55.4 ± 2.22	152.2 ± 8.16	2.21***	0.85	0.80	1.77	1.40	1.40
MLI (4 teaspoons)	141.00 ± 6.89***	94.40 ± 10.22**	195.2 ± 14.52***	1.62	0.74	0.84	1.78	1.79	1.62
MLI (6 teaspoons)	157.4 ± 7.17***	79.6 ± 9.65*	184.20 ± 16.85**	1.94	0.83	0.77	1.86	1.55	1.50

Notes: Values represent mean ± standard error of mean (n = 6).

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.01;

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviations: CAI, carbonic anhydrase inhibition; MLI, M. stenopetala leaf infusion.

Table 7 Phytochemical screening tests for the hot water infusion and aqueous crude extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves

Sample	Phytoconstituents
	Tannins	Flavonoids	Terpenoids	Saponins	Steroids	Phlobotannins	Glycosides	Coumarins	Alkaloids
ACMS	+++	++	−	+++	−	−	−	+	+++
MLI	+++	++	+++	+++	−	−	−	+	+

Note: +++, high; ++, medium; +, low; −, absent.

Abbreviations: ACMS, aqueous crude extract of M. stenopetala; MLI, M. stenopetala leaf infusion.