Antidiabetic Activity of Extracts of Terminalia brownii Fresen. Stem Bark in Mice

Figures & data

Table 1 IC₅₀ Value of the Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions Against α-Amylase

	AF	BF	CF	EAF	Crude Extract	Acarbose
IC50 (µg/mL)	>100	84.69	63.41	>100	>100	~12.50

Abbreviations: AF, aqueous fraction; BF, butanol fraction; CF, chloroform fraction; EAF, ethyl acetate fraction.

Figure 1 Plot of % α-amylase inhibition of the crude extract and solvent fractions vs concentration.

Abbreviations: AF, aqueous fraction; BF, butanol fraction; CF, chloroform fraction; EAF, ethyl acetate fraction.

Table 2 Effect of 80% Methanolic Stems Bark Extract of T. brownii on BGL of Normoglycemic Mice

Groups	Fasting Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)
	0 h	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h
NC	146.16±7.58	147.66±10.87	150.16±9.35	145.33±6.48	144.00±5.85
GL 5 mg/kg	125.00±4.40	119.33±17.88	85.50±6.23^c***,a*	75.00±7.41^c***,a*	71.33±4.83^c***,a*
TB 250 mg/kg	144.83±6.22	153.66±4.40	135.16±7.30	112.50±4.66^c**,a***,b***	114.83±3.91^c*,a***,b***
TB 500 mg/kg	156.50±16.54	158.33±12.65	154.16±9.23	115.83±6.24^c*	112.33±5.23^c**,a*,b*
TB 750 mg/kg	153.00±10.12	160.00±13.24	153.50±13.32	116.66±6.30^c*	103.83±8.03^c***,a*,b**

Notes: Results are expressed as mean ±SEM, n=6 in each group. ^aCompared to 0 h; ^bcompared to 1 h; ^ccompared to normal control. ^*p <0.05, ^**p <0.01, ^***p <0.001.

Abbreviations: TB, Terminalia brownii; NC, normal control; GL, Glibenclamide.

Table 3 Effect of the Crude Hydromethanolic Stem Bark Extract of T. brownii on BGL of Mice Loaded with Oral Glucose

Groups	Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)
	0 min	30 min	60 min	120 min	180 min
NC	127.16±3.01	278.16±15.95	230.83±10.14	177.66±5.87	133.83±4.58
GL 5 mg/kg	144.16±8.60	174.83±22.73**	102.33±11.51***	89.50±2.72***	81.66±4.87***
TB 250 mg/kg	134.00±4.22	230.50±19.82	187.00±16.95	162.33±9.60	121.66±5.45
TB 500 mg/kg	136.50±8.88	276.33±14.24	183.83±9.10	139.33±5.21**	128.16±5.92
TB 750 mg/kg	132.00±6.77	276.83±10.81	179.33±12.33^*	137.16±6.75**	126.33±6.83

Notes: Values are expressed as mean ±SEM, n=6 per group. ^*p <0.05, **p <0.01, ^***p <0.001 compared to normal control.

Abbreviations: TB, Terminalia brownii; NC, normal control; GL, Glibenclamide.

Table 4 Effect of the Hydromethanolic Stem Bark Extract of T. brownii on BGL of STZ -induced Diabetic Mice

Groups	Fasting Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)
	Day 0	Day 5	Day 10	Day 15
Normal control	160.00±14.40	147.66±9.1	187.50±6.93	157.50±4.73
Diabetic control	386.16±45.83	422.33±37.12	405.33±29.27	394.83±49.40
GL 5 mg/kg	388.50±45.60	288.83±28.47*	214.66±38.80***	119.66±28.07***
TB 250 mg/kg	399.33±48.78	346.33±40.29	306.33±27.17	243.33±32.64*
TB 500 mg/kg	389.83±30.74	371.83±30.74	266.83±24.20*	198.33±37.22**
TB 750 mg/kg	391.16±39.02	374.83±29.58	226.66±30.36**	130.50±20.63***

Notes: The values indicate mean ±SEM (n=6). *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001 compared to diabetic control.

Abbreviations: TB, Terminalia brownii; GL, Glibenclamide.

Table 5 Effect of the Different Solvent Fractions of T. brownii on BGL of STZ-induced Diabetic Mice

Treatment Groups	Fasting Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)
	Day 0	Day 5	Day 10	Day 15
Normal control	160.66±7.07	154.00±9.02	144.16±17.43	134.50±5.32
Diabetic control	361.00±39.02	400.83±29.80	403.16±49.22	469.00±39.40
GL 5 mg/kg	367.66±36.02	234.33±30.91*	209.33±39.04*	133.00±17.79***
AQF 500 mg/kg	320.66±49.92	191.50±42.34**	154.83±24.58***	144.16±24.43***
ETAF 500 mg/kg	320.33±46.57	253.83±39.88	244.16±45.27	190.50±33.41***
BF 500 mg/kg	396.00±44.34	421.33±48.52	417.00±40.47	400.33±48.79

Notes: The result are expressed as mean ±SEM (n=6). *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001 compared to diabetic control.

Abbreviations: GL, glibenclamide; AQF, aqueous residue; ETAF, ethyl acetate fraction; BF, butanol fraction.

Table 6 Effect of the Hydromethanolic Stem Bark Extract of T. brownii on Body Weight of STZ Induced Diabetic Mice

Treatment Groups	Body Weight in Grams
	Day 0	Day 5	Day 10	Day 15
Normal control	25.43±0.85	28.35±0.88	29.66±0.81	30.78±0.86
Diabetic control	28.50±1.81	27.70±2.00	27.70±2.00	25.03±1.80*
GL 5 mg/kg	27.28±1.63	26.03±1.76	27.03±1.92	27.30±1.75
TB 250 mg/kg	26.43±1.25	23.96±1.15	24.11±1.02	25.17±1.08
TB 500 mg/kg	27.06±1.25	24.51±0.88	24.83±0.95	26.07±0.80
TB 750 mg/kg	26.40±1.41	25.08±1.34	24.86±1.52	25.63±1.14

Notes: The values indicate mean ±SEM (n=6). *p< 0.05 compared to normal control.

Abbreviations: GL, Glibenclamide; TB, Terminalia brownii.

Table 7 Effect of the Different Solvent Fractions of T. brownii on Body Weight of STZ Induced Diabetic Mice

Treatment Groups	Body Weight in Grams
	Day 0	Day 5	Day 10	Day15
Normal control	27.23±1.23	28.75±1.13	31.15±1.11	32.41±1.08
Diabetic control	26.35±0.61	24.83±0.58	24.13±0.89**	23.63±0.86***
GL 5 mg/kg	24.21±1.39	23.65±1.52	24.13±1.54	24.95±1.66
AQF 500 mg/kg	27.00±1.82	25.66±2.28	24.96±1.81	26.00±1.65
ETAF 500 mg/kg	26.41±1.16	24.86±1.58	25.00±1.34	25.62±1.20
BF 500 mg/kg	25.23±0.39	24.76±0.99	23.75±0.56	23.66±0.63

Notes: The result are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n=6). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 compared to normal control.

Abbreviations: GL, Glibenclamide; AQF, Aqueous residue; ETAF, Ethyl acetate fraction; BF, butanol fraction.