In vivo Hepatoprotective and in vitro Radical Scavenging Activities of Extracts of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. Rhizome

Figures & data

Table 1 IC₅₀ Values of DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of the Solvent Fractions of Rumex abyssinicus in Comparison with Vitamin C

Test Samples	IC50 (µg/ml)
Vitamin C	4.8
Petroleum ether fraction	34.4
Chloroform fraction	8.0
Ethyl acetate fraction	9.9
Butanol fraction	6.1
Aqueous fraction	24.1

Figure 1 DPPH radical scavenging activity of different concentrations of dried rhizomes of R. abyssinicus crude extract (RA-crude) and vitamin C (VC).

Figure 2 DPPH radical scavenging activity of different concentrations of solvent fractions: petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl₃), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (BtOH), and aqueous (H₂O) fractions from R. abyssinicus extract.

Table 2 Effects of Different Concentrations of R. abyssinicus Crude Extract and Silymarin on Serum Biochemical Parameters

Group	Dose	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	ALP (U/L)
DW	10 ml/kg	44.7 ± 8.9	89.4 ± 9.8	92.8 ± 14.1
CCl4	1 ml/kg	145.3 ± 11.4^b**	226.7 ± 26.2^b**	236.3 ± 34.8^b*
Silymarin + CCl4	100 mg/kg	65.5 ± 7.5^a**	131.8 ± 11.5^a*	124.3 ± 21.5
RA+ CCl4	125 mg/kg	121.7 ± 9.3	226.7 ± 15.1	200.6 ± 27.8
RA + CCl4	250 mg/kg	97.6 ± 7.2^a*	195.4 ± 18.5	191.2 ± 25.0
RA + CCl4	500 mg/kg	93.7 ± 7.5^a*	125.2 ± 6.1^a*	144.7 ± 31.8

Notes: Data presented as mean ± S.E.M. ^aCompared to CCl_4, ^bCompared with normal control (DW), *p< 0.01, **p< 0.001. One-way ANOVA followed by Tuckey test; n = 6.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; RA, Rumex abyssinicus; DW, distilled water; CCl₄, carbon tetrachloride.

Figure 3 Histopathological section of liver tissues in control and experimental groups of mice in the pre-treatment model; showing normal hepatic cells (H), lymphocytic infiltrates (L), multifocal necrosis (MN), moderate necrosis (NM), mild lymphocytic infiltrates (ML), and mild necrosis (NL). (A) Normal control received with distilled water, (B) toxic control received CCl₄, (C) treated with 125 mg/kg extract, (D) treated with 250 mg/kg extract, (E) treated with 500 mg/kg extract, and (F) treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg.

Table 3 Effect of the 80% Methanolic Extract and Butanol Fraction Obtained from the Dried Rhizomes of R. abyssinicus and Silymarin Against CCl₄-Induced Hepatotoxicity on Serum Biochemical Parameters

Group	Dose	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	ALP (U/L)
DW	10 ml/kg	67.2 ± 6.2	116.6 ± 11.1	128.2 ± 5.8
CCl4	1ml/kg	205.6 ± 28.1^b**	347.3 ±18.8^b**	359.8 ± 41.7^b**
RA + CCl4	500 mg/kg	106.8 ± 13^a*	232.6 ± 14.3^a**	231.6 ± 10.2^a*
BU-RA + CCl4	500 mg/kg	103 ±12.6^a*	211.1 ± 6.8^a**	224.1 ±3.3^a*
Silymarin + CCl4	100 mg/kg	97.1 ± 9.2^a**	220.1 ± 11.6^a**	180.4 ± 16.6a**

Notes: Data presented as mean ± S.E.M. ^aCompared to CCl_4, ^bCompared with normal control (DW), *p < 0.01, **p< 0.001. One-way ANOVA followed by Tuckey test; n = 6.

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; RA, R. abyssinicus; BU-RA, butanol fraction of R. abyssinicus; DW, distilled water; CCl₄, carbon tetrachloride.

Figure 4 Histopathological section of liver tissues in control and experimental groups of mice in the post-treatment model; showing normal hepatic cells (H), lymphocytic infiltrates (L), mild lymphocytic infiltrates (ML), mild necrosis (NL), and extensive necrosis (EN). (A) Normal control received with distilled water, (B) toxic control received CCl₄, (C) treated with 500 mg/kg extract, (D) treated with 500 mg/kg butanol fraction, and (E) treated with silymarin 100 mg/kg.