Evaluation of the Diuretic Activity of the Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts of Ficus sur Forssk (Moraceae) Leaves in Saline-loaded Rats

Figures & data

Table 1 Effect of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts of the Leaves of F. sur at Each Time Point of Five-hour Urine Volume in Rats

Group	Volume of Urine (mL/100 g)						Diuretic Action		Diuretic Activity
	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	5 h
DW/NC	1.83±0.32	2.53±0.42	0.43±0.21	0.62±0.31	0.52±0.23		1.00
FURO10	2.75±0.36	1.87±0.40	3.15±0.74^a**	1.67±0.44	0.67±0.33		1.52		1.00
FSAE100	1.0±0.51	1.85±0.38	2.33±0.24	1.88±0.38	1.27±0.32		1.26		0.83
FSAE200	1.63±0.39	2.0±0.25	2.33±0.34	1.92±0.15	1.38±0.17		1.39		0.91
FSAE400	1.77±0.18	2.38±0.14	2.43±0.24^a*	2.07±0.23	1.57±0.35		1.47		0.97
FSME100	2.4±0.77	2.27±0.59	1.97±0.67	0.92±0.41	0.47±0.21		1.25		0.82
FSME200	2.55±0.31	2.38±0.31	1.93±0.29	0.92±0.43	0.42±0.15		1.27		0.83
FSME400	2.47±0.19	2.42±0.47	1.95±0.35	1±0.34	0.77±0.32		1.41		0.92

Notes: Each value represents mean ± S.E.M; n=6; Analysis was performed by one way ANOVA; ^acompared to negative control; ^*p<0.05; ^**p<0.01; number followed by FURO, FSAE and FSME indicates dose/kg.

Abbreviations: DW, distilled water; NC, negative control; FURO, furosemide; FSAE, F. sur aqueous extract; FSME, F. sur methanol extract.

Table 2 Effect of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts of the Leaves of F. sur on Five-hour Cumulative Urine Volume in Rats

Group	Volume of Urine (mL/100gm)					Diuretic Index	Diuretic Activity
	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	5 h
DW/NC	1.83±0.32	4.37±0.22	4.80±0.30	5.42±0.35	5.93±0.30	1	0.65
FURO10	2.75±0.36	4.62±0.54	7.77±0.97^a**,^b*	9.43±0.80^a***,^b*	10.10±0.60^a***,^b*,^c*,d*	1.52	1
FSAE100	1.00±0.52	2.85±0.59	5.18±0.50	7.07±0.68	8.33±0.50^a**	1.26	0.83
FSAE200	1.63±0.40	3.63±0.53	5.97±0.36	7.88±0.30^a*	9.27±0.37^a***	1.39	0.91
FSAE400	1.77±0.18	4.15±0.24	6.58±0.24	8.65±0.37^a**	10.22±0.17^a***,^b*,^c**,^d*	1.47	0.97
FSME100	2.40±0.77	4.67±0.37	6.63±0.41	7.55±0.23	8.02±0.15^a*	1.25	0.82
FSME200	2.55±0.32	4.93±0.51^B*	6.87±0.46	7.78±0.33^a*	8.20±0.38^a**	1.27	0.83
FSME400	2.47±0.19	4.88±0.53	6.83±0.47	7.83±0.57^a*	8.60±0.42^a***	1.41	0.92

Notes: Each value represents mean ±SEM (n=6). Analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test; ^aagainst control, ^bagainst FSAE100, ^cagainst FSME100, ^dagainst FSME200; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; number followed by FURO, FSAE and FSME indicates dose/kg.

Abbreviations: DW, distilled water; NC, negative control; FURO, furosemide; FSAE, F. sur aqueous extract; FSME, F. sur methanol extract.

Table 3 Effect of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Extracts of the Leaves of F. sur on Five-hour Urinary Electrolyte Excretion in Rats

Group	Urinary Electrolyte Concentration (mmol/L)			Saluretic Index			Na^+/K^+		Cl^–/ Na^++K^+
	Na^+	K^+	Cl^–	Na^+	K^+	Cl^–
DW/NC	15.33±2.38	27.68±5.80	20.73±3.43				0.55		0.48
FURO10	98.5±2.03^a***,^b***,^e***	80.27±10.51^a**,^d*,^e*	97.92±3.27^a***,^b***,^e***	6.42	2.90	4.72	1.22		0.54
FSAE100	46.17±5.12^a***	39.33±8.79	52.63±7.83^a**	3.01	1.42	2.54	1.17		0.61
FSAE200	55.67±4.63^a***	58.89±4.48	46.77±3.91^a*	3.63	2.13	2.26	0.95		0.41
FSAE400	82.33±5.61^a***,^b***,^e***	44.32±4.96	74.93±3.88^a***,^c*,^e***	5.37	1.60	3.61	1.86		0.59
FSME100	39.83±1.74^a**	39.14±2.97	33.52±2.71	2.60	1.41	1.62	1.02		0.42
FSME200	60.5±2.74^a***,^e**	51.59±6.70	51.90±6.36^a**	3.95	1.86	2.50	1.17		0.46
FSME400	67.33±3.56^a***,^b**,^e***	62.58±13.33	55.38±9.36^a**	4.39	2.26	2.67	1.08		0.43

Notes: Each value represents mean ±SEM (n=6). Analysis was performed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test; ^aagainst control, ^bagainst FSAE100, ^cagainst FSAE200, ^dagainst FSAE400, ^eagainst FSME100; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; number followed by FURO, FSAE and FSME indicates dose/kg.

Abbreviations: DW, distilled water; NC, negative control; FURO, furosemide; FSAE, F. sur aqueous extract; FSME, F. sur methanol extract.

Figure 1 Urinary pH of rats treated with aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of F. sur.

Notes: Each value represents mean ±SEM (n=6). Error bars indicate SEM. Analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test; ^aagainst control, ^*p<0.05.

Abbreviations: DW, distilled water; NC, negative control; FURO, furosemide; FSAE, F. sur aqueous extract; FSME, F. sur methanol extract.