Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Solvent Fractions of Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. (Fabaceae)

Figures & data

Table 1 Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaf Fractions of C. aurea

	EA	DCM	NH
Tannins	+	+	+
Saponins	+	+	+
Cardiac glycoside	–	–	–
Flavonoids	+	+	+
Steroids	+	+	+
Terpenoids	+	+	+
Phenols	+	+	+
Anthraquinone	–	–	–
Alkaloids	+	+	+

Note: + = present, – = absent.

Abbreviations: EA, ethyl acetate; NH, n-hexane; DCM, dichloromethane.

Table 2 Zone of Inhibition (in mm) of EA Fraction of the Leaves of C. aurea

	Ethyl Acetate
	500mg/mL	250mg/mL	125mg/mL	62.5mg/mL	Gen	CPR
C. freundii (ATCC 43864)	15.0±0.81^a***b***c***d**	13.67±0.47^a***b***c***e**	12±0.81^a***d***e***	10.33±0.47^a***d***e***	22±1.41	25±0.81
K. pneumonia (ATCC 700603)	15.67±0.47^a***b***c***d**	14±0.81^a***b***c***e**	10±0.81^a***d***e***	8.33±0.00^a***d***e***	22±1.63	23±1.63
E. faecalis (ATCC 29212)	18.18±0.44^a***b***c***d**	16.33±0.47^a***b***c***e**	12.67±0.47^a***d***e***	9.33±0.47^a***d***e***	19±0.00	26.33±0.47
S. Typhi (ATCC 6539)	17.33±1.69^a***b***c***d**	15.67±1.24^a***b***c***e**	14±0.00^a***d***e***	11.33±0.00^ad***e***	21±0.81	21±0.81
E. coli (ATCC 25922))	13.67±0.47^a***b***c***d**	11.33±0.47^a***b***c***e**	9.33±0.47^a***d***e***	7.67±0.00^a***d***e***	19±0.81	22.33±0.94
E. coli (Clinical)	13.33±0.47^a***b***c***d**	11.33±0.47^a***b***c***e**	9.33±0.47^a***d***e***	7.67±0.41^a***d***e***	18.67±0.471	24.33±0.47
S. aureus (ATCC 29213)	11.67±0.47^a***b***c***d**	11.67±0.0.57^a***b***c***e**	8.67±0.47^a***d***e***	4.67±3.25^a***d***e***	16.67±	20.67±1.7

Notes: Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n=3), analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test; ^acompared to positive control, ^bto 62.5 mg/mL, ^cto 125 mg/mL, ^dto 250 mg/mL, ^e to 500 mg/mL; **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: Gen, gentamicin; CPR, ciprofloxacin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Table 3 Zone of Inhibition (in mm) of DCM Fraction of the Leaves of C. aurea

	Dichloromethane
	500mg/mL	250mg/mL	125mg/mL	62.5mg/mL	Gen.	CPR.
K. pneumonia	14.4±0.31^a***b***c***d**	12.77±0.39^a***b***c***e**	11±0.58^a***d***e***	9±0.58^a***d***e***	19.33±1.2	24.67±0.88
Citrobactor	14±0.58^a***b***c***d**	12±0.58^a***b***c***e**	10±0.58^a***d***e***	8.7±0.35^a***d***e***	21.33±0.88	24±0.58
E. faecalis	16±0.58^a***b***c***2**	14±0.58^a***b***c***e**	12±0.57^a***d***3***	10.33±1.2^a***d***e***	21.5±0.76	27.43±0.29
S. typhi	15±0.57^a***b***c***d**	13±0.57^a***b***c***e**	11.1±1.05^a***d***e***	9±0.57^a***d***e***	20±0.58	25.73±0.37
E. coli (ATCC).	13±0.33b4^a***b***c***d**	10.7±0.35^a***d***e***	9.1±0.1^a***d***e***	7.17±0.17^a***d***e***	18.33±0.88	27.67±0.33
E. coli clinical	12.9±0.58^a***b***c***d**	10.73±0.37^a***d***e***	9.1±0.1^a***d***e***	8.13±0.13^a***d***e***	19±0.58	23.33±1.2
S. aureus	10.67±0.33^a***b***c***d**	9.4±0.31^a***3***e***	8.03±0.03^a***d***e***	6.33±0.03^a***d***e***	17±0.57	21±0.37

Notes: Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n=3), analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test; ^acompared to positive control, ^bto 62.5 mg/mL, ^cto 125 mg/mL, ^dto 250 mg/mL, ^eto 500 mg/mL; **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: Gen, gentamicin; CPR, ciprofloxacin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Table 4 Zone of Inhibition (in mm) of n-Hexane Fraction of the Leaves of C. aurea

n-Hexane
	500mg/mL	250mg/mL	125mg/mL	62.5mg/mL	Gen.	CPR.
C. freundii (ATCC 43864)	14.37±0.32^a***b***c***d**	14.32±0.32^a***b***c***e**	10.37±0.32^a***d***e***	8.8±0.33^a***d***e***	18±0.58	20.67±1.20
K. pneumonia (ATCC 700603)	13.33±0.8^a***b***c***d**	12.33±0.88^a***b***c***e**	11±1.16^a***d***e***	9±1.00^a***d***e***	20±1.16	21,67±1.20
E. faecalis (ATCC 29212)	15.07±0.8^a***b***c***d**	13.37±0.32^a***b***c***e**	11.33±0.33^a***d***e***	9.37±0.32^a***d***e***	21.33±0.67	23.33±1.45
S. typhi (ATCC 6539)	14.33±0.6^a***b***c***d**	13.7±0.65^a***b***c***e**	11.67±0.33^a***d***e***	9.67±0.33^a***d***e***	19±0.58	22.33±0.67
E. coli (ATCC 25922))	12.67±0.33^a***b***c***d**	11±0.58^a***d***e***	9.37±0.32^a***d***e***	7.67±0.33^a***d***e***	16±0.58	19±0.58
E. coli (Clinical)	11.7±0.35^a***b***c***d**	10±0.0^a***d***e***	9±1.0^a***d***e***	7.7±0.68^a***d***e***	16±0.58	20±1.00
S. aureus (ATCC 29213)	9.67±0.33^a***b***c***d**	8.1±0.07^a***d***e***	8.0±0.33^a***d***e***	7.37±0.32^a***d***e***	14.43±0.29	17.67±0.88

Notes: Values are expressed as Mean ± SEM (n=3), analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test; ^acompared to positive control, ^bto 62.5 mg/mL, ^cto 125 mg/mL, ^dto 250 mg/mL, ^eto 500 mg/mL; **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: Gen, gentamicin; CPR, ciprofloxacin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.

Table 5 MIC and MBC (mg/mL) Value of the Solvent Fractions of the C. aurea

`	Ethyl Acetate		Dichloromethane		n-Hexane
	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC
C. freundii (ATCC 43864)	15.62±0.00	15.62±0.00	20.83±9.02	26.04±9.02	31.25±0.00	52.08±10.41
K. pneumonia (ATCC 700603)	6.51±2.25	7.81±0.00	15.62±0.00	20.83±9.02	31.25±0.00	41.67±18.04
E. faecalis (ATCC 29212)	2.60±1.12	2.60±1.12	7.81±0.00	13.02±4.51	13.02±4.51	15.62±0.00
S. Typhi (ATCC 6539)	1.95±0.00	1.95±0.00	26.04±9.02	31.25±0.00	14.68±1.04	52.08±104
E. coli (ATCC 25922))	10.42±4.51	13.02±4.51	62.5±0.00	64.5±0.00	41.67±4.51	20.83±9.02
E. coli (Clinical)	20.83±9.02	24.83±9.02	26.04±9.02	51.92±17.89	62.5±0.00	63.5±0.00
S. aureus (ATCC 29213)	31.25±0.00	36.25±0.00	31.25±0.00	41.67±18.04	13.02±4.51	62.5±0.00

Note: Where ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control.

Figure 1 Phosphomolybdenum reduction assay of the fractions of C. aurea leave.

Figure 2 Reducing power of fractions of C. aurea leave.

Figure 3 Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of fractions of C. aurea leave.