The Effects of Furosemide on Behavioral and Hormonal Parameters in Male and Female Mice Subjected to Immobilization and Cold-Water Stress

Figures & data

Table 1 The Effect of Furosemide Treatment on Motor and Exploratory Activities in Male Mice Subjected to Cold Water Stress (CWS) and Immobilization Stress (IMS)

Group/Test	Motor (Horizontal)	Motor (Vertical)	Total Dips (Hole Board)	Rota-Rod	Hot Plate
Vehicle (saline)	1330.4±59.3	178.1±15.7	123.8±10.2	523.6±13.9	8.0±0.2
Furosemide	1362.2±59.7	198.3±11.2	138.9±6.8	604.8±22.1^a	7.0±0.3
CWS +Saline	279.3±31.0^a,b	4.3±1.5^a,b	44.0±6.5^a,b	14.6±1.2^a,b	24.8±1.0^a,b
CWS + Furosemide	442.0±53.9 ^a,b	5.6±1.5^a,b	62.1±5.0^a,b	35.7±2.0^a,b	15.8±0.9^a,b,c
IMS + Saline	925.6±40.6 ^a,b	120.8±8.9^a,b	99.8±5.9^b	82.0±5.4^a,b	19.4±1.3^a,b
IMS + Furosemide	1113.1±42.1^b	149.0±12.2^b	118.8±0.7	119.7±11.1^a,b	11.8±1.1^a,b,d

Notes: Values in the table are mean ± SEM (n=12). Furosemide was injected intraperitoneally at dose of 40 mg/Kg, 30 min before application of CWS (three min) or IMS (150 min). Thereafter, the motor and exploratory activities were tested immediately. ^a denotes statistically significant from the vehicle group. ^b denotes statistically significant from the furosemide group. ^c denotes statistically significant from the CWS + saline group. ^d denotes statistically significant from the IMS + saline groups.

Table 2 The Effect of Furosemide Treatment on Motor and Exploratory Activities in Female Mice Subjected to Cold Water Stress (CWS) and Immobilization Stress (IMS)

Group/Test	Motor (Horizontal)	Motor (Vertical)	Total Dips (Hole Board)	Rota-Rod	Hot Plate
Vehicle (saline)	1112.4±46.9	160.1±14.6	125.8±11.4	471.5±13.2	7.7±0.4
Furosemide	1210.5±61.5	182.7±11.2	128.4±10.3	582.4±25.2	6.0±0.3
CWS +Saline	417.0±34.3^a,b	0.3±0.3^a,b	50.1±4.6^a,b	13.4±1.3^a,b	24.0±1.2^a,b
CWS + Furosemide	519.6±48.3^a,b	2.6±0.9^a,b	68.5±1.5^a,b	35.3±2.8^a,b	17.1±0.5^a,b,c
IMS + Saline	968.0±51.8^a,b	121.6±8.8^a,b	108.3±6.0^b	73.7±5.5^a,b	18.1±1.2^a,b
IMS + Furosemide	1069.8±44.9^b	142.2±8.9^b	123.6±8.2	108.4±6.0^a,b	13.2±1.18^a,b,d

Notes: Values in the table are mean ± SEM (n=12). Furosemide was injected intraperitoneally at dose of 40 mg/Kg, 30 min before application of CWS (three min) or IMS (150 min). Thereafter, the motor and exploratory activities were tested immediately. ^a denotes statistically significant from the vehicle group. ^b denotes statistically significant from the furosemide group. ^c denotes statistically significant from the CWS + saline group. ^d denotes statistically significant from the IMS + saline group.

Table 3 The Effect of Furosemide Treatment on Corticosterone, Epinephrine and Prolactin Concentrations in Male and Female Mice Subjected to Motor and Exploratory Activities Subsequent to Cold Water Stress (CWS) and Immobilization Stress (IMS)

Group/Hormone	Corticosterone (ng/mL)		Epinephrine (ng/mL)		Prolactin (ng/mL)
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Vehicle (saline)	26.3±3.1	32.2±4.5	5.1±0.8	8.3±0.7	4.8±0.1	5.1±0.1
Furosemide	20.1±3.5	23.7±5.3	4.6±0.5	8.0±0.9	4.5±0.1	4.8±0.2
CWS +Saline	107.6±9.6^a,b	178.2±23.9^a,b	34.1±6.1^a,b	41.7±3.8^a,b	5.6±0.2^a,b	8.7±1.2^a,b
CWS + Furosemide	55.2±10.0^c	80.9±12.6^c	14.4±1.7^a,b,c	21.1±3.0^a,b,c	4.7±0.2^c	5.3±0.3^c
IMS + Saline	249.3±14^a,b	208.3±29.8^a,b	29.4±4.7^a,b	25.7±2.1^a,b	9.6±0.7^a,b	9.9±0.6^a,b
IMS + Furosemide	140.0±9.9^a,b,d	144.2±15.1^a,b,d	9.1±0.7^d	6.0±1.4^d	5.5±0.2^d	6.6±0.6^d

Notes: Values in the table are mean ± SEM (n=12). Furosemide was injected intraperitoneally at dose of 40 mg/Kg, 30 min before application of CWS (three min) or IMS (150 min). Thereafter, the motor and exploratory activities were tested immediately. There were no statistical differences among the male and female groups in the measured hormones. ^a denotes statistically significant from the vehicle group. ^b denotes statistically significant from the furosemide group. ^c denotes statistically significant from the CWS + saline group. ^d denotes statistically significant from the IMS + saline group.