Preclinical Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill et Perr. Bark of Trunk in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat

Figures & data

Figure 1 Effect of NaCl 0.9%, AEAL (50 mg/kg/day) and L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) on the systolic arterial pressure (SBP) in normotensive Wistar rats, (n = 4–5). Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM.; ***p<0.001 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group.

Figure 2 Effect of AEAL (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) and Captopril (5 mg/kg/day) on the systolic arterial pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertensive Rats, (n = 4–5). Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM.; *p<0.05; **p<0.01 ***p<0.001 versus L-NAME+Captopril group; ^§p <0.05 versus AEAL 50 group; ^#p<0.001 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group.

Figure 3 Effect of NaCl 0.9%, AEAL (50 mg/kg/day), L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day and simultaneous administration of L-NAME+AEAL (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) on Heart Rate of the Rats during experiment, (n = 4–5). Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-tests. ***p<0.001 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group; ^#p<0.05 versus AEAL 50 group.

Figure 4 Effect of NaCl 0.9%; AEAL (50 mg/kg/day), L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day and simultaneous administration of L-NAME+AEAL (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) on the mass gain of animals during experiment, (n = 4–5). Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM.; **p<0.05; ***p<0.001 versus control NaCl 0.9% group; ^#p<0.01 versus L-NAME group.

Figure 5 Histograms showed the effect of NaCl 0.9%, AEAL (50 mg/kg/day), L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day, the simultaneous administration of L-NAME+Captopril and L-NAME+AEAL (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) on (A) Average Food Intake (in percentage); (B) The corresponding effect during the 4 weeks of treatment, (n = 4–5). Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-tests. *p<0.05 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group; ^#p<0.05 versus AEAL 50 group.

Figure 6 Histograms showed the effect of NaCl 0.9%, AEAL (50 mg/kg/day), L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day, the simultaneous administration of L-NAME+Captopril and L-NAME+AEAL (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) on (A) Average Water Intake (in percentage) and (B) The corresponding effect during the 4 weeks of treatment (in percentage), (n = 4–5). Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-tests. *p<0.05; **p<0.01 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group; ^#p<0.05 versus AEAL 50 group.

Table 1 Organs Weight from NaCl 0.9% Group; AEAL 50 Group; L-NAME Group and Simultaneous Administration of L-NAME+AEAL (10 and 50) Groups After 5 Weeks Experiment and Autopsy, (n = 4–5). Data Were Expressed as Mean ± SEM

Groups/Organ Weight (g)
Organs	NaCl 0.9% Group	AEAL 50 Group	L-NAME Group	L-NAME + CAPTOPRIL Group	L-NAME + AEAL 50 Group	L-NAME + AEAL 10 Group
Heart	0.33±0.22	0.34±0.03	0.31±0.01	0.32±0.02	0.32±0.04	0.33±0.04
Liver	3.25±0.30	3.08±0.24	3.04±0.07	2.81±0.17	2.85±0.08	3.03±0.18
Lung	0.54±0.10	0.56±0.11	0.46±0.03	0.51±0.05	0.49±0.03	0.53±0.02
Spleen	0.24±0.06	0.23±0.02	0.20±0.04	0.18±0.02	0.20±0.02	0.20±0.04
Kidneys	0.63±0.06	0.61±0.03	0.61±0.03	0.59±0.03	0.60±0.03	0.62±0.07
Testes	2.70±0.33	2.74±0.36	2.66±0.15	2.77±0.22	2.66±0.22	2.88±0.24

Table 2 Biochemical Parameters of Serum from NaCl 0.9% Group; AEAL 50 Group; L-NAME Group and Simultaneous Administration of L-NAME+AEAL (10 and 50) Groups After 5 Weeks Experiment and Autopsy. (n = 4–5). Data Were Expressed as Mean ± SEM

Groups Treatment
Parameters	NaCl 0.9% Group	AEAL 50 Group	L-NAME Group	L-NAME + CAPTOPRIL Group	L-NAME + AEAL 50 Group	L-NAME + AEAL 10 Group
ALAT (U/l)	15.03±0.99	11.87±3.69	18.79±5.54	12.98±3.51	10.88±0.66	10.57±0.34
ASAT (U/I)	66.28±17.86	64.05±27.80	63.28±14.22	94.08±18.76	90.26±16.22	59.971±0.84
CREAT (µmol/l)	39.52±7.00	49.89±12.60	45.08±12.02	47.37±15.59	40.87±3.39	52.82±15.24
Proteins (g/l)	45.56±9.37	63.30±16.12	58.58±8.27	76.76±24.84	69.38±9.56	73.90±15.90
Urea (mg/dl)	21.37±11.31	39.43±4.82	37.20±5.30	27.55±8.29	31.38±8.37	37.60±0.00
Uric acid (µmol/L)	109.92±17.20	123.75±21.98	110.96±26.44	97.10±4.31	156.51±13.78	108.10±22.80
Chlorure (mmol/l)	115.00±2.83	114.75±6.70	122.75±6.24	123.25±6.45	121.75±3.86	116.25±0.50
Phosphorus (mmol/l)	2.55±0.84	3.95±1.55	2.33±0.10	2.67±1.17	2.38±0.40	2.80±0.74
Calcium (mg/dl)	2.46±0.24	2.88±0.54	3.12±0.26	3.69±0.43	3.30±0.57	2.56±0.32
Cholesterol Total (mg/dl)	25.53±7.60	34.65±9.92	40.77±11.24	48.60±16.15	44.35±8.34	34.58±9.72
Glucose (mmol/l)	6.73±2.50	7.23±1.00	8.25±1.05	8.13±1.50	7.90±1.35	7.03±0.66
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	0.25±0.13	0.40±0.18	0.70±0.46	0.85±0.27	0.73±0.24	0.63±0.10

Figure 7 Emax response to a single dose of Ach (10 µM) in isolated aortic rings from treated Rats after the end of experiment and precontracted with Phe 1 µM. Emax values were evaluated statistically using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA followed with a Bonferroni post-hoc test. Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 versus control NaCl 0.9% group, (n = 4–5).

Figure 8 Cumulative concentration–response curves of Ach (10⁻⁹-10⁻⁵ M in isolated aortic rings from treated Rats after the end of experiment and pre-contracted with Phe 1 µM. Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus control NaCl 0.9% group (n = 3–5; One way ANOVA followed with a Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used).

Figure 9 (A) Cumulative concentration–response curves of SNP (10⁻⁹-10⁻⁵ M in isolated aortic rings from treated Rats after the end of experiment and precontracted with Phe 1 µM. (B) The representative histogram of the corresponding EC50 values. Results are given as means ± SEM. where n = 4–5 different experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group (Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used); ^#p < 0.001 versus Control NaCl 0.9% group (One way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used).