Anti-Convulsant Activity of Soxhlet Leaf Extracts of Ajuga Integrifolia Buch.-Ham. Ex D.Don (Lamiaceae) in Mice

Figures & data

Figure 1 Standard curve constructed for the quantification of secondary metabolites: (A) quercetin; (B) gallic acid; and (C) atropine.

Table 1 Anti-Convulsant Activity of Soxhlet Leaf Extracts of Ajuga Integrifolia in Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizure

Group	Mean Latency to Clonic Seizure (Min)	Percentage Protection from Mortality
CON	3.00±0.447	–
EA100	6.33±0.333^a**b***d***e***	33.33
EA200	10.17±0.543^a***b***c***e**	50.00
EA400	13.17±0.703^a***b**c***d**	66.67
SV200	16.67±0.494^a***	83.33
CON	3.00±0.447	–
HA100	5.17±0.307^a*b***d***e***	0.00
HA200	9.33±0.494^a***b***c***e***	33.33
HA400	12.67±0.667^a***b***d**	50.00
SV200	16.67±0.494^a***	83.33
CON	3.00±0.447	–
MA100	4.84±0.477^b***d***e***	0.00
MA200	7.50±0.619^a***b***c**e*	16.67
MA400	10.00±0.577^a***b***c***d**	33.33
SV200	16.67±0.494^a***	83.33
CON	2.50±0.342	–
AA100	3.00±0.365	0.00
AA200	3.33±0.333	16.67
AA400	3.50±0.428	16.67
SV200	16.67±0.494^a***c***d***e***	83.33

Notes: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6 mice). ^aCompared to control; ^bcompared to sodium valproate; ^ccompared to 100 mg/kg; ^dcompared to 200 mg/kg; ^ecompared to 400 mg/kg; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: CON, group treated with distilled water (aqueous extract) or 2% Tween 80 (non-aqueous extract); SV, sodium valproate; EA, ethyl acetate extract of Ajuga integrifolia; HA, hexane extract of Ajuga integrifolia; MA, methanol extract of Ajuga integrifolia; AA, aqueous extract of Ajuga integrifolia; numbers refer to doses in mg/kg.

Table 2 Anti-Convulsant Activity of Soxhlet Leaf Extracts of Ajuga Integrifolia in maximal electroshock-Induced Seizure

Group	Mean Duration of HLTE (s)	Percentage Protection from Mortality
CON	18.5±0.563	–
EA100	14.33±0.964^a***b***d***e***	33.33
EA200	9.67±0.715^a***b***c***e**	50.00
EA400	6.33±0.422^a***b***c***d**	50.00
PHY25	0.00^a***	83.33
CON	18.5±0.563	–
HA100	16.67±0.558^a*b***d**e***	0.00
HA200	13.00±0.516^a***b***c**e***	16.67
HA400	8.17±0.477^a***b***	33.33
PHY25	0.00^a***	83.33
CON	18.5±0.563	–
MA100	16.50±0.671^b***d*e***	0.00
MA200	14.00±0.73^a***b***e***	16.67
MA400	10.17±0.307^a***d***	16.67
PHY25	0.00^a***	83.33
CON	19.83±0.307	–
AA100	19.33±0.615	0.00
AA200	18.33±0.422	16.67
AA400	17.83±0.477	16.67
PHY25	0.00^a***	83.33

Notes: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6 mice). ^aCompared to control; ^bcompared to sodium valproate; ^ccompared to 100 mg/kg; ^dcompared to 200 mg/kg; ^ecompared to 400 mg/kg; *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: CON, group treated with distilled water (aqueous extract) or 2% Tween 80 (non-aqueous extract); SV, sodium valproate; EA, ethyl acetate extract of Ajuga integrifolia; HA, hexane extract of Ajuga integrifolia; MA, methanol extract of Ajuga integrifolia; AA, aqueous extract of Ajuga integrifolia; HLTE, hindlimb tonic extension; numbers refer to doses in mg/kg.

Figure 2 Effect of ethyl acetate extract on pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in mice. Animals were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, and 200 mg/kg sodium valproate along with pentylenetetrazol 35 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) every other day for 13 days.

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. NC, negative control. **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: NC, negative control; EA, ethyl acetate; SV, sodium valproate; SEM, standard error of the mean.